Flexible piezoresistive sensor and heating de-icing performance based on expanded graphite/polydimethylsiloxane composite
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摘要: 积冰作为一种常见的自然现象，给航空、电力和道路交通等方面带来了极大安全隐患。本文利用膨胀石墨优异的导电性和聚二甲基硅氧烷良好的柔韧性与疏水性，制备具有探冰与电热除冰功能为一体的膨胀石墨/聚二甲基硅氧烷的复合材料(Expandable graphite/polydimethylsiloxane, EG/PDMS)，并研究其疏水性、压阻性能和电热效应。结果表明，EG/PDMS复合材料传感器压力灵敏度最大为0.15 kPa−1，且能在10~110 kPa大范围内产生线性压阻反应；在电加热过程中，当输入电压为30 V、输入电流为0.05 A时，最高平衡温度为94.7℃，完全融化10 g冰的时间为166 s。EG/PDMS复合材料不仅可以监测其表面积冰厚度变化，还可通电加热除冰，在探冰/除冰领域具有较大的应用价值。Abstract: As a common natural phenomenon, ice accretion poses great security risks to aviation, power and road traffic. In this paper, an excellent composite of expanded graphite/polydimethylsiloxane (EG/PDMS) based ice detection and electrothermal de-icing function was designed by using the excellent conductivity of expanded graphite and the good flexibility and hydrophobicity of polydimethylsiloxane. Through experiments, the hydrophobicity, piezoresistive performance and electrothermal effect of the EG/PDMS composite material were analyzed. The sensor pressure sensitivity is up to 0.15 kPa−1, and the linear piezoresistive reaction can be generated in the range of 10~110 kPa; during the electric heating process when the input voltage is 30 V and the input current is 0.05 A, the maximum equilibrium temperature is 94.7℃, and the time to completely melt 10 g of ice is 166 s. The EG/PDMS composite material has great potential application value in the field of ice exploration/deicing. The composite material has great potential application value in the field of deicing.
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图 1 EG/PDMS复合材料试样制备流程
Figure 1. Schematic fabrication process of the EG/PDMS composite sample
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图 2 压阻性能测试模型图(a)与实物图(b)
Figure 2. Piezoresistive performance test model diagram (a) and physical diagram (b)
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图 4 PDMS(a)、试样EG/PDMS-10(b)、试样EG/PDMS-50((c)、(d))的SEM图像
Figure 4. SEM image of PDMS (a), sample EG/PDMS-10 (b) and sample EG/PDMS-50 ((c), (d))
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图 5 PDMS、低界面能的聚二甲基硅氧烷(LIT-PDMS)、试样EG/PDMS-10、试样EG/PDMS-30和试样EG/PDMS-5的静态接触角对比
Figure 5. Comparison of static contact angle of PDMS, low-interfacial toughness polydimethylsiloxane (LIT-PDMS), sample EG/PDMS-10, EG/PDMS-30 and EG/PDMS-50
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图 6 试样EG/PDMS-50灵敏度与压强的变化关系
Figure 6. Relative changes in sensitivity versus pressure for sample EG/PDMS-50
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图 7 试样EG/PDMS-50在24 kPa压强下压缩50次电阻变化
Figure 7. Relative change in resistance for the sample EG/PDMS-50 being compressed 50 times at 24 kPa
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图 8 试样EG/PDMS-50在不同输入电压的红外测温图((a)~(c))和温度-时间曲线(d)
Figure 8. Infrared temperature measurement chart ((a)-(c)) and temperature-time diagram (d) of sample EG/PDMS-50 at different input voltages electric heating
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图 9 试样EG/PDMS-50在电压24 V下电加热循环100次温度-时间关系
Figure 9. Temperature-time diagram of sample EG/PDMS-50 for 100 cycles at 24 V
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图 11 试样EG/PDMS-50不同电压下的融冰时间
Figure 11. Ice melting time of sample EG/PDMS-50 in different input voltages electric heating
表 1 膨胀石墨(EG)/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)复合材料化学组成
Table 1 Chemical composition of composite expandable graphite (EG)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
Sample EG/
gPDMS/
gSilicone
oil/gSodium lauryl
sulfate/gEG/PDMS-10 1.1 8 3 0.1 EG/PDMS-30 3.3 8 3 0.1 EG/PDMS-50 5.5 8 3 0.1 
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