Abstract: Bacterial cellulose-ZnO (BC-ZnO) composite particles were prepared through the hydrothermal synthesis method using BC as a template, using Zinc sulfate、NaOH and urea as raw materials. The results show that BC-ZnO composite particles are the novel brush-like structure with a size of 3-5 μm. BC filaments are wrapped in brush-like ZnO at a level of approximate 19wt%. The formation mechanism of the brush-like structure of the composite particles is explained. Bacteria cellulose-ZnO/waterborne polyurethane (BC-ZnO/WPU) composite film was obtained by introducing different contents of BC-ZnO composite particles into waterborne polyurethane by in-situ polymerization method, and the structure and performance of the composite film were characterized. SEM shows that composite particles are well dispersed in polyurethane. The properties reach the optimal when the proportion of BC-ZnO is 1.0wt%, the tensile strength is 84.6% higher than that of pure WPU; the water absorption is deceased from 16.5% to 4.9%; the addition of BC-ZnO improves the initial thermal stability of the composite film; the composite film shows good antibacterial properties. When the BC-ZnO content is 1.3wt%, the antibacterial rate against S. aureus exceeds 99% and the antibacterial rate against E. coli exceeds 85%.