Abstract: Wood is both ecological friendly and renewable, and is an ecological material consistent with sustainable development. By selectively removing hemicellulose and lignin, wood can be prepared into three-dimensional structural wood with high porosity, which can fully take advantage of its high porosity, orderly arrangement of fibers, large specific surface area and good bio-compatibility, outstanding anisotropy of the wood itself. It has potential development value in the fields of flexible electronic equipment, pollution control, smart windows, biomedicine, lithium batteries and building materials. This paper summarized the formation mechanism and preparation methods of functional high porosity three-dimensional structural materials represented by flexible wood, wood sponge, transparent wood, wood hydrogel, carbonized wood and densified wood. The existing problems are pointed out and the future research and development direction are discussed, hoping to provide new ideas for the research and development of new wood-based functional materials.