Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of strong ultraviolet and dry heat environment on the aging resistance of wood-plastic composites in Xinjiang, the anti-aging agent(UV-531, 1010 and 168) was used to prepare wheat straw/polyvinyl chloride(PVC) composites by extrusion molding. The wheat straw/PVC composites were subject to outdoor exposure aging in Xinjiang for 90 days. The changes of surface functional groups, color changes, surface morphology and mechanical properties of the wheat straw/PVC composites before and after aging were tested and analyzed, and the carbonyl index, lignin index and surface roughness were calculated. The results show that three anti-aging agents can improve the aging resistance of wheat straw/PVC composites. After aging for 90 days, the functional groups on wheat straw/PVC composites surface change significantly indicating the decomposition of the wheat straw/PVC composites surface. Compared with the control group, the carbonyl index of the wheat straw/PVC composites added with UV-531 increases by 19.27%, the lignin index decreases by 4.44%, the color difference ΔE decreases by 11.12%, and the surface roughness S_a decreases by 33.38%, the flexural strength and tensile strength are increased by 5.87% and 6.44%, the surface is smoother, and the wheat straws are less exposed. The results will provide experimental data and theoretical reference for improving the anti-aging effect of wood-plastic composites, which is beneficial to prolong the service life of wood-plastic composites under dry heat conditions in Xinjiang.