Abstract: The anchoring effect of the glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite anchors and the concrete floor of the building is related to the safety and stability of the entire structure. In order to deeply explore the anchoring mechanism between GFRP anchors and concrete, the GFRP composite anti-floating anchors of different anchoring forms were tested by the self-designed full-scale anchor pull-pull test device to determine the ultimate pull-up bearing capacity of the bolt and the relative slip between the rod and the concrete. The test results show that the anchoring efficiency of the external anchorage section of GFRP composite anti-floating anchors anchored by new stress-distributed anchor is above 80%, and the relative slippage of concrete is larger than that of bare-strand direct anchoring specimens, confirming the new stress-distributed anchors can effectively improve the anchoring effect of the external anchorage section of GFRP composite anti-floating anchors. In addition, it was proposed to introduce the material reference coefficient based on the hyperbolic model, and the influence of GFRP composite anchor diameter and external anchor length on the bond-slip constitutive relationship between the anchor rod and the concrete was comprehensively considered in order to establish a new type of GFRP composite anchor and concrete bond-slip curve. The model prediction results are consistent with the test results, and the rationality and accuracy of the model are verified.