Abstract: The modified basalt short fiber (BSF) and aramid pulp (AP) were used to reinforce chloroprene rubber (CR) to obtain BSF-AP/CR composites with high modulus and strength. The effects of BSF and AP on the basic physical properties, dynamic mechanical properties and dynamic stiffness of the BSF-AP/CR composites were systematically studied. FTIR tests show that the γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) is reacted with the surface groups of BSF, and the SEM observation finds that the BSF has good compatibility with rubber, easy to disperse and orientate, while the AP is anchored in the rubber matrix, and the orientation degree is worse than that of BSF. With the decrease of the mass ratio of BSF to AP, the tensile strength, elongation at break and flexural properties of the BSF-AP/CR composites reduce, but the tear strength and wear resistance are improved. The dynamic stiffness of the BSF-AP/CR composites was tested by elastomer material testing system (MTS). The MTS shows that the lower the mass ratio of BSF and AP is, the greater the dynamic stiffness of BSF-AP/CR composites is, indicating AP contributes greatly to the dynamic stiffness of BSF-AP/CR composites. The dynamic mechanical properties reveals that the more the amount of AP is, the higher the storage modulus (G') of BSF-AP/CR composites is and the more obvious Payne effect is however, the smaller the damping factor is, indicating that AP has good modulus lag balance effect. When the mass ratio of BSF to AP is 10:10, there is better comprehensive performance for the BSF-AP/CR composites.