Abstract: The quasi-static tensile tests were conducted to investigate the effects of various volume contents of short carbon fiber, steel fiber, alkali-resistant glass fiber and prestress on the tensile performance of 5 layers basalt textile reinforced cementitious matrix composite (BTRC). The experimental results indicate that short carbon and glass fibers can increase the crack stresses of both matrix and BTRC, which increase with increasing volume fraction of short carbon fibers. The applied prestress induces compressive stress in the cementitious matrix, such that the crack stress of BTRC is improved significantly. Both the short fibers and prestress can increase ultimate load and toughness, while the ultimate strain does not change significantly. Both the ultimate load and toughness increase with increasing steel fibers content and reach the maximum values at 1.5vol% volume fraction, while both properties firstly increase and then decrease with increasing content of carbon fibers with the maximum values at 1.0vol% volume fraction. When the short carbon or steel fibers are added into the matrix with prestress, the short fiber reinforced matrix can better bear the hoop stress caused by the radial expansion of the yarns in textile after releasing the tension. So the contact and frictional forces between the textile and matrix are improved, leading to the most pronounced increase in ultimate load and toughness, as much as 50.4% and 58.9%, respectively, and in toughness as much as 84.7% and 79.5%, respectively. By adding short glass fiber, steel fiber and applying prestress to the BTRC composite, the crack numbers increase with smaller crack spacing and opening in the matrix.