Abstract: To solve the environmental pollution and resources waste in recovery process of waste printed circuit boards powders(WPCBP) and achieve its high-reutilization in polymer matrix, WPCBP was incorporated in unsaturated polyester resin(UPE) together with halloysite nanotubes(HNTs) to prepare WPCBP-HNTs/UPE novel eco-friendly composites. SEM and TEM were used to characterize the structure and morphology of WPCBP and HNTs and their dispersity and interfacial interaction. Then the thermal stability and flame retardancy of WPCBP-HNTs/UPE composites were systematically investigated by TGA, cone calorimeter test (CCT) and limit oxygen index (LOI). It has been confirmed that WPCBP and HNTs can markedly enhance the thermal stability and fire retrardancy of UPE, and HNTs give a more positive contribution than WPCBP. The residue of UPE and WPCBP-HNTs/UPE composites were analyzed by SEM and EDS to investigate the flame retardancy mechanism. The mechanical performance and thermal deformation property of WPCBP-HNTs/UPE composites were studied.