Abstract: For preparing biomass materials with agricultural waste, using rice straw, wheat straw, peanut straw, rice husk, wheat husk and peanut shell as fillers, bone glue as base material, six kinds of different fillers biomass composites were prepared by compression molding process. The components of the plant fibers were analyzed, and the mechanical property, hygroscopic capability, surface functional groups and thermostability of the composites were tested. The section microstructures of the composites were observed using stereomicroscope. It is found that cellulose content of wheat straw is the highest, which is followed by rice straw. The properties of composites prepared with the straw are better than with the shell from the same biomass. The rice straw/bone glue composite has the best binding interface compatibility and mechanical properties with tensile strength of 4.14 MPa and impact strength of 4.89 kJ/m², which are 118% and 22.6% higher than that of rice husk/bone glue composite, 4.42%, 37.3%, 56.9% and 20.8% higher than that of wheat straw/bone glue and peanut straw/bone glue composites, respectively. The rice straw/bone glue composite has good anti-hygroscopic capability with equilibrium moisture absorption rate of 12.35%, 27.11%, 16.72%, 19.36%, 0.04% and 15.97% lower than the composites prepared with wheat straw, peanut straw, rice husk, wheat husk and peanut shell, respectively. With more wax layer on the surface of wheat straw, its composite with bone glue has poor properties. The rice husk/bone glue composite is the best in the thermostability among six kinds of biomass composites.