Abstract: The elastic constants of airship envelope material are the basic for the shape design, structural analysis and dynamics analysis of airship. In this paper, a method of biaxial tensile test was carried out to obtain the elastic-modulus and Poisson's ratio of warp and weft respectively of airship envelope material HV130 under different differential pressure according to the assumption of orthogonal planar stress model. The theoretical results of stress for envelope and the loading ratio of hoop and longitudinal stress were established by stress analysis of airship envelope. Then based on the stress ratio of the airship, the corresponding elastic constants were selected from the biaxial tensile test and were applied to establish static simulation analysis for envelope under differential pressure. A non-contact strain measurement system was conducted to measure the strain of the envelope under differential pressure and verified the reliability of the finite element modal and the accuracy of elastic constants obtained by the biaxial tensile test. This paper can provide a reference for the shape design and structural analysis of airship.