Abstract: The surface properties and crystalline structure of three kinds of domestic high-modulus carbon fibers (CCM40J, CCM40, CCM46J) and an imported high-modulus carbon fiber (Toray M40JB) were investigated by SEM, metallographic microscope, AFM, XPS and XRD. The micro interface and multifilament mechanical properties of high-modulus carbon fiber and epoxy resin were studied. The results show that all the surfaces of high-modulus carbon fiber have obvious grooves, but the differences of surface roughness are not obvious. Their cross-section shapes include circle, cashew, ellipse and so on. Their surface elements mainly contains four elements of C, O, N, Si, and both O/C ratio and the content of active carbon atoms of M40JB are higher than that of domestic high-modulus carbon fibers. Following the sequence of M40JB, CCM40J, CCM40, CCM46J, the size of graphite microcrystalline becomes larger, and the degree of graphitization increases. The degree of orientation of M40JB is the smallest, and the degree of orientation of CCM46J is the largest, while the degrees of orientation of CCM40J and CCM40 are similar. The order of surface energy from large to small is M40JB > CCM40 > CCM46J > CCM40J, and their dynamic contact angles with resin system E51-DDS of epoxy resin E51, curing agent 4,4'- diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS) and resin system AG80-DDS of 4,4'- diamino diphenyl methane epoxy resin (AG80), curing agent DDS at 80 ℃ rang from 35° to 50°, indicating good wettability. The interface shear strength (IFSS) of CCM46J with E51-DDS is the largest, and the interface shear strength of M40JB with AG80-DDS is the largest. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of three kinds of domestic high-modulus carbon fiber multifilaments are all larger than those of M40JB, where the tensile strength of CCM40J is the largest, and the tensile modulus of CCM46J is the largest. The proportion of the compression strength of high-modulus carbon fiber multifilaments with its tensile strength is from 44% to 53%, and the compression strength of CCM46J multifilament is the largest.