Abstract: With poplar particles and inorganic adhesive as main raw materials, inorganic poplar particleboard was prepared by cold pressing technology. The effect of different adhesive consumption and density on physical and mechanical properties of inorganic poplar particleboard was studied. XRD and SEM were used to analyze influencing mechanism of inorganic poplar particleboard's properties with different adhesive consumption and densities. At the same time, the fire retardancy and smoke suppression characteristics of inorganic poplar particleboard were tested by CONE. The results show that, on one hand, modulus of rupture(MOR) and modulus of elasticity(MOE) of inorganic poplar particleboard firstly increase and then decrease with the increase of adhesive consumption, meanwhile, internal bond(IB) increases gradually and 24 h thickness swelling(TS) decreases gradually. MOR and MOE reach the maximum at 21.5 MPa and 4360 MPa respectively when adhesive consumption is 57%; and IB and 24 h TS reach the maximum of 2.61 MPa and the minimum of 3.36% respectively when adhesive consumption is 65%. With the increase of adhesive consumption, heat release rate(HRR) decreases, peak time of HRR postpones, total heat release(THR) and total smoke production(TSP) decreases. On the other hand, with the increase of density, MOR and MOE increase gradually, IB firstly increases and then decreases which is contrary with 24 h TS. IB and 24 h TS reach the maximum and minimum of 3.54 MPa and 3.99% respectively when the density of inorganic poplar particleboard is 1.1 g/cm³.