Abstract: In order to develop the application of natural cellulose material, based on the domestic and international relative research of natural cellulose materials, nanomaterials and antibacterial materials, LiCl/N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) solvent system was used to prepare the natural cellulose/polyacrylonitrile spinning solutions with different blending proportions, and cellulose/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning technique firstly. Then, copper ammonia solution was used to prepare the fibrous assemblies with anti-bacterial function at a certain extend through antibacterial treatment of nanofibers. Finally, the morphology of nanofibers with different blending ratios was characterized by SEM; the thermal properties were characterized by TG and DSC; the changes of chemical compositions and hydrophilicity of nanofibers after blending were determined by FTIR and optical contact angle measuring instrument; antibacterial properties of the nanofibers were detected by oscillation technique. The results indicate that the cellulose/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers with diameter ranges from 200-400 nm can be prepared by electrospinning technology. With the increasing of cellulose content, the surfaces of nanofibers tend to be more rough, the adhesion becomes serious, and the discrete degree of diameter also increases. When the blending mass ratio of cellulose to polyacrylonitrile exceeds 75:25, the standard deviation of diameter increases from less than 100 nm of pure polyacrylonitrile fiber to more than 150 nm. The cellulose/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers have good thermal performance, the thermostability has a certain improvement comparing with pure cellulose nanofibers. When the blending mass ratio of cellulose to polyacrylonitrile is 25:75, the thermostability achieves the best. The hydrophily of cellulose/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers is better than that of ordinary medical gauze. The nanofibers after antibacterial treatment using copper ammonia solution have good antibacterial abilities, and the bacteriostasis rates of staphylococcus aureus and E. coli are 82% and 75%, respectively.