Abstract: Bamboo-wood composites with different filling content of Ca and Mg natural mineral powder were prepared, and the thermal pyrolysis performances and pyrolysis kinetics of bamboo-wood composites filled with Ca and Mg natural mineral powder were investigated by thermal gravity (TG) analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PY-GC/MS), Li Chung-Hsiung integral method and Malek method. Then the pyrolysis model of bamboo-wood composites filled with Ca and Mg natural mineral powder was built. The results show that when the pyrolysis of natural mineral powder occurs, the heat around will be adsorbed. Then the pyrolysis of bamboo-wood composites is inhibited by the products of natural mineral powder pyrolysis, such as free radicals inhibitor as well as CaO and MgO which are difficult to pyrolysis. The contents of CO, CO₂ and single benzodiazepines aromatic compounds in pyrolysis products decrease compared with those of unfilled bamboo-wood composites, while the content of aliphatic compounds increases. The pyrolysis reaction model of unfilled bamboo-wood composites is random nucleation, each particle has one nuclear, while the pyrolysis reaction model of bamboo-wood composites filled with Ca and Mg natural mineral powder is phase boundary reaction and spherical symmetry.