石墨烯导热测试方法、影响因素及其应用研究进展

张志远; 柏家奇; 饶昌铝; 魏宇学; 陈京帅; 吴明元; 程芹; 蔡梦蝶; 孙松

石墨烯导热测试方法、影响因素及其应用研究进展

张志远¹,
柏家奇^{1, 2, ,},
饶昌铝¹,
魏宇学¹,
陈京帅¹,
吴明元¹,
程芹¹,
蔡梦蝶¹,
孙松¹

1.
安徽大学　化学化工学院, 合肥 230601
2.
安徽圣奥化学科技有限公司, 铜陵 244000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (22308001; U1832165; 21976001; 22102001)；安徽省自然科学基金(2108085QB48; 2308085MB60; 2008085QB85)；安徽省绿色高分子材料重点实验室开放课题；安徽省高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2021A0029; KJ2021A0027)；安徽大学科研启动项目(S020318008/010)和安徽大学化学化工学院创新人才项目

详细信息

通讯作者:
柏家奇，博士，讲师，硕士生导师，研究方向为导热材料及多相催化　E-mail: jiaqibai@ahu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TQ127.1
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- 文章访问数: 119
- HTML全文浏览量: 52
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-19
- 修回日期: 2024-01-25
- 录用日期: 2024-02-12
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-21

Research progress on testing methods, influencing factors and applications of graphene thermal conductivity

1.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
2.
Sennics Co., Ltd. Anhui, Tongling 244000, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (22308001; U1832165; 21976001; 22102001); Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2108085QB48; 2308085MB60; 2008085QB85); Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials; Higher Education Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (KJ2021A0029; KJ2021A0027); Startup Foundation of Anhui University (S020318008/010) and Foundation of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering in Anhui University

摘要

摘要: 石墨烯以其独特的结构和优异的导热性能引起研究者的广泛关注。石墨烯作为一种具有较高热导率的二维材料，在含能材料、电池材料、导热复合材料等领域都有重要应用。石墨烯导热的理论和实验研究有助于加强对固体导热机制的理解，可以为能源技术、电子器件热管理和散热技术的发展以及高效导热材料的设计提供参考。近年来，有较多关于石墨烯热导率的报道，对石墨烯热导率报道进行总结有利于相关研究人员更好地开展工作。本文对石墨烯热导率的测试方法、影响因素及应用现状进行了总结。首先介绍单层石墨烯、少层和多层石墨烯以及石墨烯基复合材料热导率测试方法，包括拉曼光谱法、热桥法、激光闪射法和3ω法。然后总结石墨烯热导率的理论研究成果，介绍石墨烯本征热导率的影响因素，如尺寸、层数和缺陷等对热导率的影响。随后归纳总结石墨烯导热材料在含能材料、电池材料和改性复合材料中的应用情况。最后，对石墨烯导热的研究进行了总结，提出目前石墨烯导热研究中的问题和挑战，并且对未来可能的发展方向做出展望。
- 石墨烯 /
- 热导率 /
- 拉曼法 /
- 热桥法 /
- 声子 /
- 应用
Abstract: Graphene has attracted much attention due to its unique structure and excellent thermal conductivity, which is widely used in energy materials, battery materials, thermal composite materials fields as a two-dimensional material with high thermal conductivity. It is of great significance to deepen the understanding of solid-state heat transfer mechanisms by theoretical and experimental research on the thermal conductivity of graphene, and it can guide the design of the development of energy technology, thermal management and heat dissipation technology of electronic devices and the high-efficiency thermal conductivity materials. In recent years, there are numerous reports on the thermal conductivity of graphene, and it is beneficial for researchers to carry out their work more effectively by summarizing these reports on the thermal conductivity of graphene. This work summarizes the testing methods, influencing factors, and application status of the thermal conductivity of graphene. Firstly, the thermal conductivity measurement methods of single-layer, few-layer and multilayer graphene and graphene matrix composites are introduced, including Raman spectroscopy, thermal bridge, laser flash and 3ω method. Then, the theoretical research achievements on the thermal conductivity of graphene was summarized and the influence factors of the intrinsic thermal conductivity of graphene such as size, number of layers and defects were discussed. Next, the application of graphene as a thermal conductor in energy materials, battery materials and modified composite materials is summarized. Finally, the research on graphene’s thermal conductivity is concluded and the current challenges and issues was highlighted in graphene’s thermal conductivity research. Moreover, the prospect for future development direction is proposed.
- Graphene /
- Thermal conductivity /
- Raman method /
- Thermal bridge method /
- Phonon /
- Application

HTML全文

图 1 Si/SiO₂衬底上典型单层石墨烯的原子力显微镜图^[12]

Figure 1. Atomic force microscopy image of a typical single-layer graphene on Si/SiO₂ substrate^[12]

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图 2 悬浮在沟槽上的石墨烯薄片的示意^[12]

Figure 2. Schematic of a graphene sheet suspended across a Trench^[12]

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图 3 共聚焦显微拉曼光谱法测试单层悬浮石墨烯的热导率^[12]

Figure 3. The thermal conductivity of single-layer suspended graphene measured by confocal microRaman spectroscopy^[12]

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图 4 石墨烯G峰位置变化与总耗散功率的变化^[13]

Figure 4. Shift in G peak spectral position vs. change in total dissipated power^[13]

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图 5 热桥法测试单层支撑石墨烯热导率 (a, b) 和装置热电路图 (c) ^[29]

Figure 5. Thermal bridge method to test the thermal conductivity of monolayer-supported graphene (a, b) and the thermal circuit diagram of the device (c) ^[29]

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图 6 综合拉曼光热技术测试少层悬浮和支撑石墨烯热导率^[30]

Figure 6. Measurement of thermal conductivity of low-layer suspended and supported graphene by integrated Raman photothermal techniques^[30]

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图 7 (a，b)悬浮和支撑石墨烯样品的悬浮微电热系统(METS) 扫描电镜图像; 比例尺: 5 μm。(c)悬浮样品S4的SEM图像；比例尺:1 μm。(d)装置的等效热电路，RSiN_x是支撑样品的氮化物平台热阻^[31]

Figure 7. (a, b) SEM images of the METS for suspended and supported graphene samples; scale bar: 5 µm. (c) SEM image of suspended sample S4; scale bar: 1 µm. (d) The equivalent thermal circuit of the device, RSiN_x is the thermal resistance of the nitride platform for supported samples^[31]

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图 8 激光闪射法测试石墨烯基复合材料热导率

Figure 8. Measurement of thermal conductivity of graphene-based composites by laser flash method

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图 9 3ω法测试石墨烯基复合材料热导率

Figure 9. Measurement of thermal conductivity of graphene-based composites by 3ω method

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图 10 计算悬浮 (a) 和支撑 (b) 单层石墨烯导热系数的模拟模型^[59]

Figure 10. The simulation model for the calculation of the thermal conductivity of suspended (a) and supported (b) monolayer graphene^[59]

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图 11 悬浮窄石墨烯 (L_y = 10 nm) 、方形石墨烯 (L_x = L_y) 和无限宽石墨烯的导热系数随石墨烯尺寸L_x的变化 (L_y =无穷) 。(a) 使用优化Tersoff势的结果和 (b) 使用反应经验键序 (REBO) 势的结果^[59]

Figure 11. Thermal conductivity as functions of graphene size Lx for suspended narrow graphene (L_y = 10 nm) , square graphene (L_x = L_y) , and infifinite wide graphene (L_y = infinite) . (a) The result using optimized Tersoffff potential and (b) the result using Reactive Empirical Bond Order (REBO) potential^[59]

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图 12 (a) 电子束照射下拉曼光谱的演化。(b)热导率与缺陷密度的关系^[68]

Figure 12. (a) Evolution of Raman spectrum under electron beam irradiation. (b) Dependence of the thermal conductivity on the density of defects^[68]

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表 1 部分石墨烯热导率测试方法及测试结果

Table 1. Test methods and results of thermal conductivity of some graphene

Sample	Thermal conductivity/ (W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	Measurement method	Preparation method	Reference
Suspended Single-layer graphene	5300 ± 480	Raman	Mechanical exfoliation	12
Suspended Single-layer graphene film	1224 ± 387	Raman and finite-element calculations	Chemical vapor deposition(CVD)	16
Suspended single-layer graphene	1800 (325 K) 710 (500 K)	Raman	Mechanical exfoliation	17
Suspended single-layer graphene	600	Thermal bridge method	Mechanical exfoliation	29
Supported 4 layers of graphene	1100	Comprehensive Raman	CVD	30
Supported single-layer graphene	840	Comprehensive Raman	CVD	30
Suspended single-layer graphene	850	Comprehensive Raman	CVD	30
Suspended 2-layer graphene	970	Comprehensive Raman	Mechanical exfoliation	30
Supported single-layer graphene	1100	Comprehensive Raman	Mechanical exfoliation	30
Supported few-layer graphene	1250	Thermal bridge configuration	Mechanical exfoliation	31
Few-layer graphene	176	I-V curve method	CVD	32

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