Connection technology and mechanical properties of sandwich structure with the core of elastic damping metal spiral wire mesh
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摘要: 针对弹性阻尼螺旋金属丝网夹芯结构界面连接性能不明确的问题，分别采用真空钎焊和胶结两种典型连接工艺，进行了面内压缩和拉伸剪切力学性能试验，结合SEM和EDS等材料微观表征方法，展开夹芯结构界面结合的物理机制和力学特性的研究。研究结果表明：钎焊连接界面相对胶结更均匀连续，钎料中Ni、Si元素与芯材、面板中的Fe、Cr元素扩散现象明显，形成良好的冶金结合。在压缩载荷作用下，钎焊夹芯板和胶结夹芯板的损耗因子最高分别达到了0.194和0.128，两种方式制备的夹芯板都具有较大的能量耗散能力。钎焊和胶结夹芯板的拉伸剪切载荷峰值分别达到了2 589 N和1 302 N，前者峰值载荷随芯材密度的增加而增加，而后者却与之相反；两种工艺在拉伸剪切过程中的失效破坏形式明显不同，胶结表现为面板与芯材的脱粘失效，钎焊主要发生芯材金属丝网的裂纹扩展和断裂失效，未发生面/芯分离。本研究对金属多孔夹芯结构的连接和力学性能分析具有一定的理论和应用指导意义。Abstract: Aiming at the problem of unclear interface connection performance of the sandwich structure with the core of elastic damping spiral wire mesh, two typical connection processes of vacuum brazing and cementing were adopted. The physical interface bonding mechanism and mechanical properties of the sandwich structure have been studied in-depth through compression and shear tests and microscopic characterizations such as SEM and EDS. The results show that the interface characteristics by brazing process are uniform and continuous rather than that by cementing process. The brazing interface of the sandwich panel has formed a good metallurgical bond, i.e., the Ni and Si elements in the brazing filler metal diffuse obviously with the Fe and Cr elements in the panel and core material. The highest loss factors of the brazed sandwich panel and the cemented sandwich panel under the static compression load can reach 0.194 and 0.128, respectively. This means that the sandwich panel with metal spiral mesh has a large energy dissipation capacity. The peak loads of tensile shear test for the brazed cemented sandwich panels are up to 2 589 N and 1 302 N, respectively. The peak load of the former increases with the increase of the core material density, while the latter is the opposite. The failure mode of the brazed sandwich panel in the tensile shear experiment is peeling of the panel and the core material, while the cemented sandwich panel mainly occurs crack propagation and fracture of core material. This research provides a theoretical and application guideline for the connection and mechanical performance analysis of porous metallic sandwich structures.
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图 1 芯材金属螺旋丝网结构及细观特征
Figure 1. Structure and microscopic characteristics of the core metal spiral wire mesh
图 2 金属螺旋丝网的制备：(a)金属丝；(b)螺旋卷；(c)毛坯；(d)螺旋丝网制品
Figure 2. Preparation process of metal spiral wire mesh: (a) Metal wire; (b) Spiral coil; (c) Blank; (d) Spiral wire mesh product
图 5 WDW-20T型微控电子万能试验机
Figure 5. WDW-20T micro-control electronic universal testing machine
图 6 AG-Xplus高速电子材料试验机
Figure 6. AG-Xplus high-speed electronic material testing machine
图 7 金属螺旋丝网夹芯结构面内压缩滞回曲线
Figure 7. Typical hysteresis curve of metal spiral wire mesh sandwich structure during in-plane compression
ΔW—Dissipated energy in one cycle; U—Maximum elastic potential energy; η—Loss factor; K—Mean stiffness; Fmax—Maximum force; X—Maximum displacement
图 8 不同密度的金属螺旋丝网夹芯板在剪切拉伸试验过程中的载荷-位移曲线
Figure 8. Load-displacement curves of the metal spiral wire mesh sandwich panels with different densities by tensile shear test
图 9 金属螺旋丝网夹芯板在剪切拉伸试验过程中的峰值载荷和耗能
Figure 9. Peak load and energy consumption of metal spiral wire mesh sandwich panels during shear tensile test
图 10 钎焊金属螺旋丝网夹芯板的界面微观形貌和元素
Figure 10. Interface micromorphology and elements of brazed metal spiral wire mesh sandwich panel
图 11 钎焊金属螺旋丝网夹芯板的界面元素扩散示意图
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of interface element diffusion of brazed metal spiral wire mesh sandwich panel
图 12 胶结金属螺旋丝网夹芯板界面微观形貌
Figure 12. Microscopic morphology of the interface of cemented metal spiral wire mesh sandwich panel
图 13 钎焊金属螺旋丝网夹芯板剪切拉伸试验的失效过程
Figure 13. Failure process of brazed metal spiral wire mesh sandwich panel in shear tensile test
图 14 金属螺旋丝网拉伸滑移方式示意图
Figure 14. Schematic diagram of the sliding modes of metal spiral wire mesh during stretching-shearing
图 15 钎焊金属螺旋丝网夹芯板在剪切拉伸过程中的失效形貌
Figure 15. Failure morphologies of brazed metal spiral wire mesh sandwich panel during shearing and stretching process
图 16 钎焊金属螺旋丝网夹芯板芯材金属丝断口形貌
Figure 16. Fracture morphology of core material wire of brazed metal spiral wire mesh sandwich panel
图 18 不同芯材厚度金属螺旋丝网复合夹芯板滞回曲线
Figure 18. Hysteresis curves of metal spiral wire mesh composite sandwich panels with different core material thicknesses
图 19 不同芯材厚度金属螺旋丝网复合夹芯板的损耗因子、平均静刚度、能量耗散
Figure 19. Loss factor, average static stiffness and energy dissipation of metal spiral wire mesh composite sandwich panels with different core material thicknesses
图 20 不同制备工艺下金属螺旋丝网复合夹芯板的损耗因子(a)、平均静刚度(b)、能量耗散(c)
Figure 20. Performance parameters of metal spiral wire mesh composite sandwich panels under different connection processes: (a) Loss factor; (b) Average static stiffness; (c) Energy dissipation
图 21 芯材金属螺旋丝网面内压缩后的微观损伤
Figure 21. Microscopic damage of core metal spiral wire mesh after in-plane compression
表 1 SUS304不锈钢原材料的性能参数
Table 1. Performance parameters of SUS304 material
Element Fe Ni C Si Mn S P Cr Content/wt% ≥71 8.01 ≤0.08 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 ≤0.03 ≤0.035 17.12 Property Young′s modulus/GPa Density/(g·cm−3) Tensile strength/MPa Yield strength/MPa Value 199 7.93 680 340 
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表 2 JL101金属胶的性能参数
Table 2. Performance parameters of JL101 metal glue
Colour Density/(g·cm−3) Compressive strength/MPa Tensile strength/MPa Cast iron 1.64 87.6 26.8 Shear strength/MPa Bending strength/MPa Hardness(Shore D) Working temperature/℃ 19.8 50 75 −60-300
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表 3 BNi2钎料的化学成分
Table 3. Chemical composition of solder BNi2
Composition Ni Cr Si B Fe Co C P W Content/wt% ≥84 6-8 4-5 2.75-3.5 2.5-3.5 ≤0.1 ≤0.06 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Property Solid phase line/℃ Liquidus line/℃ Value 970 1000
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表 4 金属螺旋丝网复合夹芯板面内压缩试验参数
Table 4. In-plane compression test parameters of sandwich structure with the core of elastic damping metal spiral wire mesh
Name Length/mm Width/mm Density/(g·cm−3) Thickness/mm Connection C1-1 60 60 3.0 3 Brazing C1-2 60 60 3.0 5 Brazing C1-3 60 60 3.0 7 Brazing C1-4 60 60 3.0 9 Brazing C2-1 60 60 3.0 3 Adhesive C2-2 60 60 3.0 5 Adhesive C2-3 60 60 3.0 7 Adhesive C2-4 60 60 3.0 9 Adhesive
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表 5 金属螺旋丝网复合夹芯板面内剪切拉伸试验参数
Table 5. In-plane shear tensile test parameters of sandwich structure with the core of elastic damping metal spiral wire mesh
Name Length/mm Width/mm Density/(g·cm−3) Thickness/mm Connection S1-1 140 60 2.0 5 Brazing S1-2 140 60 2.5 5 Brazing S1-3 140 60 3.0 5 Brazing S1-4 140 60 3.5 5 Brazing S2-1 140 60 2.0 5 Adhesive S2-2 140 60 2.5 5 Adhesive S2-3 140 60 3.0 5 Adhesive S2-4 140 60 3.5 5 Adhesive
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