Microstructure and Wide-temperature Range Tribological Properties of Silicide Coatings on High Niobium TiAl Alloy
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摘要: 为了改善TiAlNb金属间化合物抗氧化耐磨损性能不足的问题，通过扩散渗法在TiAlNb9合金表面制备了双稀土改性的硅化物涂层，并对其微观结构与相组成进行了分析表征，对比研究了TiAlNb9基体和Si-Ce-Y共渗层与WC球在宽温域下的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明：不同催化剂NaF，NH4Cl，AlCl3·6H2O所制备的渗层均具有多层结构，从外到内依次为(Ti,Nb)Si2、(Ti,Nb)5Si4和(Ti,Nb)5Si3外层，(Ti,Nb)5Si4及(Ti,Nb)5Si3中间层，TiAl2内层，催化剂类型对渗层的致密性有显著影响。在实验条件下，Si-Ce-Y共渗层的抗摩擦磨损性能明显优于TiAlNb9基体，TiAlNb9基体在20℃的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和犁削磨损，在600℃下的磨损机制主要为氧化磨损、犁削磨损、磨粒磨损；Si-Ce-Y共渗层在20℃及600℃下的磨损机制相似，均为削层磨损和磨粒磨损。Abstract: In order to improve the deficient oxidation and wear resistance of TiAlNb intermetallics, a dual rare-earth modified silicide coating was prepared on a TiAlNb9 alloy using the pack cementation process. The microstructure and phase composition of the coating were analyzed and characterized, and the friction and wear behavior of the TiAlNb9 substrate and the Si-Ce-Y co-diffused coating against WC balls has been comparatively investigated across a broad temperature range. The results show that the coatings prepared with different activators, including NaF, NH4Cl, and AlCl3·6H2O, have multi-layer structures: from the surface to the interior, the coatings are composed of outer layers of (Ti,Nb)Si2, (Ti,Nb)5Si4 and (Ti,Nb)5Si3, middle layers of (Ti,Nb)5Si4 and (Ti,Nb)5Si3, and the inner layers of TiAl2. The activators have imposed a significant impact on the density of the co-diffusion coatings. Under experimental conditions, the friction and wear resistance of the Si-Ce-Y co-diffusion coating are significantly better than those of the TiAlNb9 substrate. The wear mechanisms of the TiAlNb9 substrate at 20℃ are abrasive wear and plowing wear, while at 600℃, the main wear mechanisms are oxidational wear, plowing wear, and abrasive wear. The wear mechanisms of the Si-Ce-Y co-diffusion layer at 20℃ and 600℃ are similar, mainly including delamination wear and abrasive wear.
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Key words:
- TiAlNb9 alloy /
- Si-Ce-Y co-deposition /
- microstructure /
- wear rate /
- wear mechanism
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图 1 滑动-摩擦磨损示意图
Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the sliding friction and wear testing apparatus
图 2 不同催化剂制备的Si-Ce-Y共渗层的截面形貌和元素浓度分布曲线 ((a),(a')) NH4Cl；((b),(b')) AlCl3·6 H2O；((c),(c')) NaF
Figure 2. Cross-sectional morphology and elemental concentration distribution curves of the Si-Ce-Y co-deposition coating prepared using different types of catalysts ((a),(a')) NH4Cl; ((b),(b'))AlCl3·6 H2O; ((c),(c'))NaF, 1-4 EDS Test point
图 3 采用不同类型催化剂制备的Si-Ce-Y共渗层的表面XRD图谱
Figure 3. Surface XRD patterns of Si-Ce-Y co-deposition coating prepared using different types of catalysts
图 4 采用NaF作为催化剂制备的Si-Ce-Y共渗层的中间层和内层的XRD图谱
Figure 4. XRD patterns of the intermediate and inner layer of Si-Ce-Y co-deposition coating prepared with NaF as activator
图 5 TiAlNb9合金及Si-Y共渗层的宽温域摩擦系数曲线，(a) 20℃，(b) 600℃
Figure 5. Wide-temperature friction coefficients of TiAlNb9 alloy and Si-Y co-deposition coating, (a) 20℃，(b) 600℃
图 6 宽温域下TiAlNb9合金和Si-Ce-Y共渗层与WC球对磨时的磨损率
Figure 6. Wear rates of TiAlNb9 alloy and Si-Ce-Y coating with WC ball at Wide-temperatures
图 7 TiAlNb9合金和WC球20℃下的磨损形貌, (a), (b) TiAlNb9基体, (c) WC球
Figure 7. Wear scars of TiAlNb9 alloy and WC counterpart at 20℃, (a), (b) TiAlNb9 alloy, (c) WC counterpart, 5-6 EDS Test point
图 10 Si-Ce-Y共渗层和WC球600℃下的磨损形貌, (a), (b) Si-Ce-Y共渗层, (c) WC球
Figure 10. Wear scars of Si-Ce-Y coating and WC counterpart at 600℃, (a), (b) Si-Ce-Y coating, (c) WC counterpart, 14-15 EDS Test point
图 8 TiAlNb9合金和WC球600℃下的磨损形貌, (a), (b) TiAlNb9基体, (c) WC球
Figure 8. Wear scars of TiAlNb9 alloy and WC counterpart at 600℃, (a), (b) TiAlNb9 alloy, (c) WC counterpart, 7-9 EDS Test point
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