Axial compressive property of 3 D braided-unidirectional hybrid tubes
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摘要: 采用准静态轴向压缩实验和有限元仿真相结合的方法，对三维编织(3 dimensional braided，3D)-单向铺层(unidirectional ply, UD)混合的碳纤维复合材料管的轴向压缩性能和破坏机制进行了研究。实验表明，3D-UD混合管具有更稳定的压缩吸能模式；相比UD管，混合管的峰值载荷、总吸能和比吸能分别提高了20.3%、109.2%和67.1%。进一步对3D-UD混合管的破坏过程进行了有限元仿真分析，仿真得到的载荷-位移曲线与实验结果吻合较好，验证了仿真模型的有效性。结合实验结果与混合管损伤变形的仿真分析，发现由于外层3D和内层3D对夹层UD的束缚和支撑作用抑制了UD管管壁因弯折过大而断裂，同时由于夹层UD管的稳定破坏吸能使得3D管未发生严重的编织层卷曲现象，因此3D-UD混合管可以有效抵抗管壁变形，提高轴向压缩下的稳定性和吸能性。Abstract: Using the method of combining quasi-static axial compression experiment with finite element simulation, the axial compression characteristics and failure mechanisms of 3D braided-unidirectional ply (3D-UD) hybrid tubes were investigated. Test results show that the peak load, total absorbed energy and specific energy absorption (SEA) of 3D-UD hybrid tube are increased by 20.3%, 109.2% and 67.1% respectively compared to the UD tube, and the compression energy absorption mode becomes more stable. In addition, the failure process of 3D-UD hybrid tubes was simulated by finite element method. The results show that load-displacement curves curve are in good accordance with experiment results so that the reliability of the simulation model is verified. Combined with the experimental results and the simulation analysis of the damage deformation of the mixed tube, it is found that the binding and supporting effects of the outer layer 3D and the inner layer 3D on the sandwich UD inhibit the breakage of the UD tube wall due to excessive bending. At the same time, the stability failure and energy absorption of the sandwich UD tube prevent the 3D tube from serious braided layer crimp. Therefore, the mixed tube can effectively resist the wall deformation and improve the stability and energy absorption under axial compression.
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Key words:
- axial compression /
- finite element simulation /
- 3 D-UD /
- stability /
- energy absorption
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图 7 三种不同混杂结构复合材料管的最终破坏模式：(a)UD18;(b)3 D3；(c)3 D-UD6-3 D
Figure 7. Final failure modes of three different hybrid composite tubes: (a) UD18; (b) 3 D3; (c) 3 D-UD6-3 D
图 8 网格划分(a)及Cohesive单元建立((b)、(c))
Figure 8. Grid division (a) and cohesive unit establishment ((b), (c))
图 10 实验/仿真载荷-位移对比曲线：(a)3 D3；(b)UD18；(c)3 D-UD6-3 D
Figure 10. Experimental/simulation load-displacement contrast curves: (a) 3 D3; (b) UD18; (c) 3 D-UD6-3 D
图 11 3 D-UD6-3 D混合管的损伤变量云图：(a) 整体损伤变量； (b) 外3 D层；(c) 内UD层；(d) 内3 D层
Figure 11. Damage variable cloud of 3 D-UD6-3 D hybrid tube：(a) Integral damage variable; (b) Outer 3 D layer; (c) Inner UD layer; (d) Inner 3 D layer
图 12 典型时刻(5 mm)3 D-UD6-3 D混合管的剪应力分布云图
Figure 12. Shear stress distribution cloud of 3 D-UD6-3 D hybrid tube at typical time (5 mm)
表 1 试件的几何结构参数
Table 1. Geometric structure parameters of specimens
3 D/UDratio Layer Form Thickness/mm Trigger mode fiber volume fraction/% 1：0 3 [3 D/3 D/3 D] 4.0 45°bevel 53.4 2：1 8 [3 D-UD6-3 D] 4.0 45°bevel 54.2 0：1 18 [UD18] 4.0 45°bevel 55.7 
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表 2 复合材料管的径向压缩实验结果
Table 2. Axial compression test results of composite tubes
Specimen Pmax /kN ECF/% E/J SEA/(J·g−1) 3 D3 100.1 80.3 2807.0 56.5 UD18 82.9 45.3 1095.5 31.4 3 D-UD6-3 D 120.2 54.5 2292.5 52.5
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表 3 T700 12 K/环氧树脂复合材料材料参数
Table 3. Material parameters of T700 12 K/epoxy resin composite material
Property Value Property Value Xt/Yt /MPa 1384/30 G12/ G13/G23/GPa 3.6 E1 t/E2 t /GPa 138/7 τ12 /MPa 67.4 υ12 0.317 τ13/τ23 /MPa 67.4 υ13/υ23 0.3 GⅠt/ GⅡ/(MN·m-1) 1/8 Xc/Yc /MPa 652/87.5 Gft/Gfc/Gs/(MN·m-1) 60/50/2 Notes：E1 t and E2 t are Young's modulus in X and Y directions, respectively；Xt is the tensile strength in the X direction；Yt is the tensile strength in the Y direction； Xc is the compression strength in the X direction；Yc is the compressive strength in the Y direction；G12, G13 and G23 are shear modulus in X, Y and Z directions, respectively；υ12, υ13 and υ23 are Poisson's ratios in X, Y and Z directions respectively；τ12 is the in-plane shear strength；τ13 and τ23 are the interlaminar shear strength in the direction of 13 and the shear strength in the direction of 23 respectively；GⅠt and GⅡ are Fracture energy release rate of type I and type II；Gft, Gfc and Gs are the release rates of fiber tens compression and shear failure energy, respectively.
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表 4 各复合材料管实验/仿真性能参数误差对比
Table 4. Error comparison of experimental/simulation performance parameters for composite tubes
Specimen Pmax(EXP)/kN Pmax(FEM)/kN Error/% E(EXP)/J E(FEM) /J Error /% 3 D3 100.1 98.0 2.1 2807.0 2699.6 3.8 UD18 82.9 89.6 8.1 1095.5 1220.2 11.3 3 D-UD6-3 D 120.3 121.9 1.3 2292.5 2131.5 7.1
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