螺栓预紧力对复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头静载性能影响

李汝鹏; 肖睿恒; 葛恩德

螺栓预紧力对复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头静载性能影响

李汝鹏^{1, 2, ,},
肖睿恒²,
葛恩德²

1.
西北工业大学　机电学院, 西安 710072
2.
中国商飞上海飞机制造有限公司航空制造技术研究所, 上海 201324

详细信息

通讯作者:
李汝鹏，博士研究生，研究员，研究方向为飞机装配技术　E-mail:lirupeng@comac.cc

中图分类号: TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-04
- 修回日期: 2023-10-15
- 录用日期: 2023-10-26
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-16
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-15

Effect of bolt preload on bearing response of single-lap, countersunkcomposite bolted joints

LI Rupeng^{1, 2
, ,},
XIAO Ruiheng²,
GE Ende²

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
2.
Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Institute, COMAC Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing, Shanghai 201324, China

摘要

摘要: 根据ASTM 5961试验标准设计了复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头试件，通过试验和仿真分析了螺栓预紧力水平对其静拉伸性能影响规律。试件为准各向同性铺层的碳纤维环氧树脂层合板，试验过程中利用非接触全场应变测量系统(2D DIC)对沉头板表面应变场数据进行了采集。基于ABAQUS/Standard隐式分析模块建立了复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头的静拉伸三维有限元模型，分析了螺栓预紧力和摩擦系数对沉头孔周挤压应力的影响规律。结果表明：当接头承受拉伸载荷时，沉头孔周区域受螺栓挤压损伤最为严重；增加螺栓预紧力可提高螺栓孔2%变形的承载强度，但对接头极限承载强度的提升效果较小。有限元应力分析表明，增加螺栓预紧力或增大层合板之间的摩擦系数均有利于减轻孔周应力集中程度，提高复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头的承载性能。
- 单搭接 /
- 复合材料沉头接头 /
- 螺栓预紧力 /
- 承载试验 /
- 2D DIC /
- 有限元分析
Abstract: Experimental and numerical studies on the bearing response of single-lap, countersunk composite joints which were designed according to ASTM 5961 under various bolt preload were presented. The specimens were manufactured from carbon fiber/epoxy unitapes with quasi-isotropic lay-ups. To obtain a more accurate hole strain, 2D DIC measurement technique was used. Three-dimensional finite element model was constructed using ABAQUS/Standard and validated by comparing to the experiment. The validated model was used to provide a detailed stress analysis around the hole boundary considering various bolt preload and friction conditions. The results show that countersunk hole is the region where the severest damage occurs, and bolt preload could significantly improve the 2% hole deformation bearing strength but only slightly increase the ultimate bearing strength. Through stress analysis, increasing either bolt preload or friction between laminates are found to have an active effect on relieving stress concentration, and will make a better bearing performance of single-lap, single-bolt, countersunk composite joints.
- single-lap /
- countersunk composite joints /
- bolt preload /
- bearing tests /
- 2D DIC /
- finite element analysis

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图 1 复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头设计

Figure 1. Dimension design of single-lap, countersunk compositebolted joints

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图 2 复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头拉伸试验

Figure 2. Tensile test of single-lap, countersunk composite bolted joints

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图 3 复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头试件挤压失效

Figure 3. Bearing failure of single-lap, countersunk composite bolted joints

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图 4 复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头二维主应变场

Figure 4. Two dimensional principal strain field of single-lap, countersunk composite bolted joints

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图 5 复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头不同螺栓预紧力水平下的孔挤压应力-位移曲线

Figure 5. Bearing stress-displacement curves under varied preload levels of single-lap, countersunk composite bolted joints

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图 6 复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头有限元模型

Figure 6. Finite element model of single-lap, countersunk composite joints

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图 7 接触关系设置

Figure 7. Contact setting

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图 8 试验结果与仿真数据对比

Figure 8. Comparison between test and simulation

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图 9 复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头施加2.5 kN预紧力后沿孔周的应力分布

Figure 9. Circumferential stress distribution of single-lap, countersunk composite joints after applying 2.5 kN preload

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图 10 复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头承受2 kN拉伸载荷时的面外变形

Figure 10. Out-of-plane deformation of of single-lap, countersunk composite joints under 2 kN tension load

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图 11 复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头施加2 kN拉伸载荷后第13~16层沿孔周的应力分布

Figure 11. Circumferential stress distribution of the ply 13-16 of single-lap, countersunk composite joints under 2 kN tension load

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图 12 复合材料单搭螺栓接头不同螺栓预紧力下第16层孔周的应力分布

Figure 12. Circumferential stress distribution of the ply 16 of of single-lap, countersunk composite joints under varied preload levels

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图 13 复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头不同摩擦系数f_l下第16层孔周的应力分布

Figure 13. Circumferential stress distribution of ply 16 of single-lap, countersunk composite joints under varied friction coefficients f_l

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图 14 复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头不同摩擦系数f_bh下第16层孔周的应力分布

Figure 14. Circumferential stress distribution of ply 16 of single-lap, countersunk composite joints under varied friction coefficients f_bh

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表 1 试验材料参数^[35]

Table 1. Test material parameter^[35]

Materials	$ {E}_{11} $/GPa	$ {E}_{22} $/GPa	$ {E}_{33} $/GPa	$ {G}_{12} $/GPa	$ {G}_{13} $/GPa	$ {G}_{23} $/GPa	$ {\nu }_{12} $	$ {\nu }_{13} $	$ {\nu }_{32} $
Lamina	135	8.8	8.8	4.47	4.47	3.00	0.33	0.33	0.33
	E/GPa	ν
Ti (bolt)	110	0.28
Steel (washer and nut)	210	0.3

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表 2 DIC主要技术指标

Table 2. Main technical indicators of DIC

Displacement accuracy / pixel	0.02
Strain /με	200
Measurement resolution/pixel	4096×3000
Frames Per Second / Hz	9
Measurement range / mm	120*100

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表 3 不同螺栓预紧力对复合材料单搭沉头螺栓接头挤压强度的影响

Table 3. Influence of varied bolt preload on bearing strength of single-lap, countersunk composite joints

Tightening torque /(N·m)	0.5	1	2	3	4
Ultimate bearing strength /MPa	714	705	708	722	758
Diff from 0.5 N·m	-	−1.26%	+0.84%	+1.12%	+6.16%
2% offset bearing strength /MPa	108	172	170	190	201
Diff from 0.5 N·m	-	+59.3%	+57.4%	+75.9%	+86.1%

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表 4 摩擦系数

Table 4. Friction coefficients

Contact surface	Friction coefficients
Plate-bolt	0.1
Plate-plate	0.4
Plate-washer	0.3
Bolt-washer	0.1

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