生物质碳管/高岭岩-双废材料的复合及其吸波应用

孔祥恺; 吴佩琨; 严寒; 郑方羽; 王李志; 刘强春; 鞠治成

生物质碳管/高岭岩-双废材料的复合及其吸波应用

1.
中国矿业大学　材料与物理学院, 徐州 221116
2.
淮北师范大学　物理与电子信息学院, 淮北 235000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (22279162)

详细信息

通讯作者:
孔祥恺，博士研究生，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为功能纳米材料　E-mail: xkong@cumt.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB333
计量
- 文章访问数: 60
- HTML全文浏览量: 43
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-04
- 修回日期: 2024-01-03
- 录用日期: 2024-01-12
- 网络出版日期: 2024-02-28

Biomass carbon tubes/kaolin rock - dual wastes derived composite for efficient microwave absorption

1.
School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
2.
School of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22279162)

摘要

摘要: 低成本、高性能和具有良好的环境稳定性是微波吸收剂实现应用的关键因素。本文以废弃梧桐飘絮生物质为碳源，煤矿废弃资源高岭岩为负载，通过优化界面作用并结合高温热解的方法合成了具有优异微波吸收性能的碳管/高岭岩双废复合材料。实验结果表明，经过酸改性的碳微米管(Acid-treatment Carbon microtubes；CMT-ac)和碱改性的高岭岩(Alkali-treatment kaolin rock; KR-al)在高温碳化后结合良好，两者之间形成了大量的异质界面，且由于两者电导率的差异并在电磁波的辐照下容易形成界面极化效应，从而大大衰减电磁波。最终得到的KR-al@CMT-ac碳基矿物复合样品在仅在2.0 mm的匹配厚度下有效吸收带宽达到6.3 GHz (11.7~18.0 GHz)，厚度为3.0 mm时在8.08 GHz处达到最小反射损耗−51.5 dB。吸波性能的提升得益于增强的界面极化和本身高电导损耗的共同作用。本研究将为低成本和高性能的介电型吸波材料的设计提供有效的策略。
- 高岭岩 /
- 生物质 /
- 介电损耗 /
- 界面极化 /
- 微波吸收
Abstract: Low cost, high performance, and good environmental stability are the key factors to determine the application of microwave absorbent. In this study, the wasted platanus tree fruits were taken as raw biomass materials, which were combined with the kaolin rock, one kind of abandoned coal mine resources, to construct the dual wastes-derived composite for microwave absorption. The obtained carbon microtubes/kaolin rock composite was optimized by controlling their interfacial interaction followed by high-temperature pyrolysis to reach efficient absorbing capability towards microwave radiation. The experimental results showed that the acid-modified carbon microtubes (CMT-ac) and the alkali-decorated kaolin rock (KR-al) combined well to supply a large number of heterogeneous interfaces to strengthen the interfacial polarization mechanism. As a result, their conductivity difference under the irradiation of electromagnetic wave enabled greatly attenuating electromagnetic wave. The final KR-al@CMT-ac sample achieved an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.3 GHz (11.7~18.0 GHz) at a matching thickness of only 2.0 mm and a minimum reflection loss of -51.5 dB at 8.08 GHz at a thickness of 3.0 mm. The improvement in microwave absorption performance is due to the enhanced interface polarization and conduction loss. This study will provide an effective strategy for the design of low-cost and high-performance dielectric absorbents.
- kaolin rock /
- biomass /
- dielectric loss /
- interfacial polarization /
- microwave absorption

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图 1 碱改性的高岭岩@酸改性的碳微米管(KR-al@CMT-ac)样品合成示意图

Figure 1. Schematic illustration for fabrication of Alkali-treatment kaolin rock@ Acid-treatment carbon microtubes (KR-al@CMT-ac) samples

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图 2 生物质碳微米管/高岭岩复合材料的XRD图谱

Figure 2. XRD pattern of biomass carbon microtubes/kaolin rock composites

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图 3 (a) KR@CMT、(b) KR-al@CMT、(c) KR@CMT-ac和(d) KR-al@CMT-ac样品的SEM图像

Figure 3. The SEM images of the (a) KR@CMT, (b) KR-al@CMT, (c) KR@CMT-ac, and (d) KR-al@CMT-ac samples

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图 4 对应复合材料的TGA曲线

Figure 4. The TGA curves of the corresponding composites

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图 5 CMT、KR、KR-al、KR@CMT、KR-al@CMT、KR@CMT-ac和KR-al@CMT-ac样品的电导率

Figure 5. The Conductivity of CMT, KR, KR-al, KR@CMT, KR-al@CMT, KR@CMT-ac, and KR-al@CMT-ac samples

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图 6 对应样品的Raman图谱(a)，XPS全谱(b)，KR@CMT (c)、KR-al@CMT (d)、KR@CMT-ac (e)和KR-al@CMT-ac (f)样品的C 1s窄谱

Figure 6. Raman spectra of the corresponding samples (a), XPS survey spectra (b), the narrow C 1s spectra of KR@CMT (c), KR-al@CMT (d), KR@CMT-ac (e) and KR-al@CMT-ac samples (f)

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图 7 生物质碳微米管/高岭岩复合材料的电磁参数：(a)介电常数实部(ε')；(b)介电常数虚部(ε'')；(c)介电损耗角正切(tanδε)；(d)磁导率实部(μ')；(e)磁导率虚部(μ'')；(f)磁损耗角正切(tanδμ)

Figure 7. Electromagnetic parameters of biomass carbon microtubes/ kaolin rock composites: (a) real part of permittivity (ε'); (b) imaginary part of permittivity (ε''); (c) tangent of permittivity (tanδε); (d) real part of permeability (μ'); (e) imaginary part of permeability (μ''); (f) tangent of permeability (tanδμ)

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图 8 生物质碳微米管/高岭土复合材料的Cole-Cole半圆(a)和衰减常数α (b)

Figure 8. Cole-Cole semicircle (a) and attenuation constant α (b) of biomass carbon microtubes/kaolin rock composites

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图 9 KR@CMT (a)、KR-al@CMT (b)、KR@CMT-ac (c)和KR-al@CMT-ac (d)样品的反射损耗曲线

Figure 9. Reflection loss curves for KR@CMT (a), KR-al@CMT (b), KR@CMT-ac (c) and KR-al@CMT-ac (d) samples

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图 10 KR@CMT (a)、KR-al@CMT (b)、KR@CMT-ac (c)和KR-al@CMT-ac (d)样品的阻抗匹配曲线

Figure 10. Impedance matching curves for KR@CMT (a), KR-al@CMT (b), KR@CMT-ac (c) and KR-al@CMT-ac (d) samples

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图 11 KR-al@CMT-ac样品的微波吸收机制示意图

Figure 11. The microwave absorption mechanisms of the KR-al@CMT-ac sample

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表 1 生物质碳微米管/高岭岩复合材料的吸波性能

Table 1. The microwave absorption properties of biomass carbon microtubes/kaolin rock composites

Sample	RL_min /dB	EAB/GHz	Frequency/GHz	T/mm
KR@CMT	−15.1	3.4	11.8-15.2	2.50/2.50
KR-al@CMT	−16.9	4.2	13.8-18.0	3.00/1.80
KR@CMT-ac	−17.8	4.3	13.7-18.0	2.00/1.77
KR-al@CMT-ac	−51.5	6.3	11.7-18.0	3.00/2.00
Notes：RL_min, EAB, and T are minimum reflection loss, effective absorption bandwidth, and thickness of the samples, respectively.

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