微波烧结复杂刃形TiB<sub>2</sub>基陶瓷刀具的设计制备及力学性能

季文彬; 王子豪; 戴士杰; 程鹏翔; 吴润禾

微波烧结复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具的设计制备及力学性能

河北工业大学　机械工程学院, 天津 300401

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (52005154)；科技创新2030-“新一代人工智能”重大项目(2021ZD0113100)

详细信息

通讯作者:
季文彬，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为高效切削加工技术　E-mail: 2017082@hebut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-28
- 修回日期: 2023-10-24
- 录用日期: 2023-11-07
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-15

Design, preparation and mechanical properties of microwave sintered TiB₂-based ceramic tools with complex edge shape

School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (52005154); Science and Technological Innovation 2030-"New Generation Artificial Intelligence" Major Project of China (2021ZD0113100)

摘要

摘要: 基于微波烧结的特点，设计了复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具的结构参数。利用有限元仿真，研究了在车削球墨铸铁QT450时刀具结构参数对车削力和车削温度的影响。确定了复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具的最优刀具前角为5°、后角为6°、刀尖圆弧半径为0.8 mm。采用微波烧结技术制备了复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具，研究了压制压力和保压时间对复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具的相对密度、力学性能和微观组织的影响。结果表明，压制压力对晶粒的异常生长影响较大，合理的压制压力可以抑制晶粒的异常长大，改善刀具断裂模式，进而提高刀具性能。合理的保压时间可以使刀具表面的白色相分局均匀，防止聚集，这有利于刀具断裂韧度的提高。在压制压力为200 MPa，保压时间为4 min时，刀具各部位尺寸收缩率较为平均，成形精度较高，致密度最高，微观组织更加均匀，晶粒排列更加紧密，综合力学性能最优。
- 刀具结构 /
- 微波烧结 /
- 压制压力 /
- 保压时间 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: The structural parameters of TiB₂-based ceramic tools with complex edge shapes were designed based on microwave sintering characteristics. The effect of tool design parameters on turning forces and temperatures when turning QT450 ductile cast iron was investigated using finite element simulation. For TiB₂-based ceramic tools with complex cutting edges, the optimum tool front angle was found to be 5°, the optimum back angle was found to be 6° and the optimum tip radius was found to be 0.8mm. Complex edge-shaped TiB₂-based ceramic tools were prepared by microwave sintering technology, and the effects of pressing pressure and holding time on the relative density, mechanical properties and microstructure of complex edge-shaped TiB₂-based ceramic tools were investigated. The results show that the pressing pressure has a great influence on the abnormal growth of grains, and a reasonable pressing pressure can inhibit the abnormal growth of grains, improve the tool fracture mode, and then improve the tool performance. A reasonable holding time can make the white phase on the surface of the tool partition uniform and prevent aggregation, which is conducive to improving the fracture toughness of the tool. When the pressing pressure is 200MPa and the holding time is 4min, the dimensional shrinkage of each part of the tool is more average, the forming accuracy is higher, the densification is the highest, the microstructure is more uniform, the grain arrangement is more compact, and the overall mechanical properties are optimal.
- tool structure /
- microwave sintering /
- pressing pressure /
- holding time /
- mechanical property

HTML全文

图 1 复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷车刀片结构示意图(单位：mm)

Figure 1. Schematic structure of TiB₂-based ceramic turning insert with complex edge shape (Unit: mm)

r is the radius of the tip circle；γ₀ is the tool front angle；α₀ is the tool back angle

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同TiB₂基陶瓷刀具结构参数对车削力和车削温度影响的仿真结果

Figure 2. Simulation results of effects of different TiB₂-based ceramic tool structure parameters on turning force and turning temperature

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同TiB₂基陶瓷刀具后角过滤后的车削力曲线图

Figure 3. Turning force profile of different TiB₂-based ceramic tool after back-angle filtration

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具模具和刀具试样烧结前后示意图

Figure 4. Before and after schematic diagrams of TiB₂-based ceramic tool moulds with complex edge shapes and microwave sintered tool specimens.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 压制压力对复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具相对密度和力学性能的影响

Figure 5. Effect of pressing pressure on the relative density and mechanical properties of TiB₂-based ceramic tools with complex blades

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 压制压力为300 MPa时烧结后的复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具试样底部脱落

Figure 6. Bottom detachment of sintered complex-edged TiB₂-based ceramic tool specimens at a pressing pressure of 300 MPa

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 不同压制压力的复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具中间抛光表面的SEM图像

Figure 7. SEM images of intermediate polished surfaces of complex edge-shaped TiB₂-based ceramic tools with different pressing pressures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 不同压制压力的复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具断裂面的SEM图像

Figure 8. SEM images of fracture surfaces of TiB₂-based ceramic tools with complex edge shapes at different pressing pressures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 保压8 min烧结后的复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具试样发生开裂

Figure 9. Cracking of sintered TiB₂-based ceramic tool specimens with complex cutting edges after holding pressure for 8 minutes

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 保压时间对复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具相对密度和力学性能的影响

Figure 10. Influence of pressure holding time on the relative density and mechanical properties of TiB₂-based ceramic cutting tools withcomplex blades

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 不同保压时间的复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具抛光表面的SEM图像

Figure 11. SEM images of polished surfaces of TiB₂-based ceramic tools with complex edge shapes for different holding times

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 不同保压时间的复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具断裂面的SEM图像

Figure 12. SEM images of fracture surfaces of TiB₂-based ceramic tools with complex edge shapes for different holding times

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具车削仿真结构参数设计

Table 1. Structural parameter design for turning simulation of TiB₂-based ceramic tools with complex edge shape

Research objective	Tool front angle γ₀/(°)	Tool back angle α₀/(°)	Tool tip arc radius r/mm
Design parameter	−5, 0, 5, 10, 15	0, 3, 6, 9, 12	0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2

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表 2 复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具原材料及特性

Table 2. Raw materials and characteristics of TiB₂-based ceramic tools with complex cutting edges

Powder composition	Densities/(g·cm⁻³)	Particle size/μm	Purity/%	Manufacturer
TiB₂	4.502	0.5	99.9	Shanghai Chaowei
TiC	4.930	0.5	99.9	Shanghai Chaowei
HfC	12.700	0.1	99.9	Shanghai Chaowei
Ni	8.902	0.6	99.9	Shanghai Chaowei
Mo	10.200	0.5	99.9	Shanghai Chaowei

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表 3 不同压制压力下复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具试样烧结前后尺寸和收缩率

Table 3. Dimensions and shrinkage of TiB₂-based ceramic cutting tool samples before and after sinteringatdifferent press pressures

Blade sample		Pre-sintering	After sintering	Percentage of contraction/%
Blade sample A(2 min、150 MPa)	Knife blade/mm	3.30	2.80	15.15
	Thickness/mm	5.70	4.80	15.79
	Length of side/mm	15.50	12.70	18.06
	volumetric/mm³	592.98	335.24	43.47
Blade sample B(2 min、200 MPa)	Knife blade/mm	3.30	2.70	18.18
	Thickness/mm	5.50	4.40	20.00
	Length of side/mm	15.50	12.92	16.64
	volumetric/mm³	572.17	318.04	44.42
Blade sample C(2 min、250 MPa)	Knife blade/mm	3.30	2.80	15.15
	Thickness/mm	5.50	4.52	17.82
	Length of side/mm	15.50	12.90	16.77
	volumetric/mm³	572.17	325.70	43.08
Blade sample D(2 min、300 MPa)	Knife blade/mm	3.30	2.80	15.15
	Thickness/mm	5.30	4.50	15.09
	Length of side/mm	15.50	13.14	15.23
	volumetric/mm³	551.37	336.44	38.98

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 不同压制压力下复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具试样烧结前后的结构尺寸及误差

Table 4. Structural dimensions and errors of TiB₂-based ceramic tool specimens with complex cutting edges before and after sintering under different pressing pressures.

Blade sample		Pre-sintering	After sintering	Errors/%
Blade sample A (2 min、150 MPa)	Rake angle/°	5.00	5.55	11.00
Blade sample A (2 min、150 MPa)	Tool tip arc radius/mm	0.80	0.61	23.75
Blade sample B (2 min、200 MPa)	Rake angle/°	5.00	5.35	7.00
Blade sample B (2 min、200 MPa)	Tool tip arc radius/mm	0.80	0.68	15.00
Blade sample C (2 min、250 MPa)	Rake angle/°	5.00	5.65	13.00
Blade sample C (2 min、250 MPa)	Tool tip arc radius/mm	0.80	0.66	17.50
Blade sample D (2 min、300 MPa)	Rake angle/°	5.00	5.65	13.00
Blade sample D (2 min、300 MPa)	Tool tip arc radius/mm	0.80	0.64	20.00

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 图7中A~F各点位的EDS分析

Table 5. EDS analysis of each point from A to F in Figure 5

Test point	Element/wt%
Test point	B	C	Ti	Hf	Ni	Mo
A	54.46	39.86	3.49	0.91	1.24	0.05
B	60.84	21.42	15.39	1.11	1.25	0.00
C	21.84	32.16	32.73	13.24	0.02	0.01
D	54.44	37.53	7.80	0.01	0.03	0.19
E	25.39	42.18	24.16	1.39	6.86	0.01
F	10.85	38.55	10.24	40.36	0.01	0.00

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表 6 不同保压时间下复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具试样烧结前后尺寸和收缩率

Table 6. Dimensions and shrinkage of TiB₂-based ceramic cutting tool samples before and after sintering at different pressure holding times

Blade sample		Pre-sintering	After sintering	Percentage of contraction/%
Blade sample B1 (2 min、200 MPa)	Knife blade/mm	3.30	2.70	18.18
	Thickness/mm	5.50	4.40	20.00
	Length of side/mm	15.50	12.92	16.64
	volumetric/mm³	572.17	318.04	44.42
Blade sample B2 (4 min、200 MPa)	Knife blade/mm	3.30	2.74	16.97
	Thickness/mm	5.70	4.75	16.67
	Length of side/mm	15.50	12.82	17.29
	volumetric/mm³	592.98	338.04	42.99
Blade sample B3 (6 min、200 MPa)	Knife blade/mm	3.30	2.80	15.15
	Thickness/mm	5.40	4.43	17.96
	Length of side/mm	15.50	12.85	17.10
	volumetric/mm³	561.77	316.75	43.62
Blade sample B4 (8 min、200 MPa)	Knife blade/mm	3.30	The specimen cracked in two parts and could not be tested
	Thickness/mm	5.30
	Length of side/mm	15.50
	volumetric/mm³	551.37

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 不同保压时间下复杂刃形TiB₂基陶瓷刀具试样烧结前后的结构尺寸及误差

Table 7. Structural dimensions and errors of TiB₂-based ceramic tool specimens with complex cutting edge shape before and after sintering at different pressure holding times

Blade sample		Pre-sintering	After sintering	Error/%
Blade sample B1(2 min、200 MPa)	Rake angle/(°)	5.00	5.35	7.00
Blade sample B1(2 min、200 MPa)	Tool tip arc radius/mm	0.80	0.68	15.00
Blade sample B2(4 min、200 MPa)	Rake angle/(°)	5.00	5.37	7.40
Blade sample B2(4 min、200 MPa)	Tool tip arc radius/mm	0.80	0.69	13.75
Blade sample B3(6 min、200 MPa)	Rake angle/(°)	5.00	5.45	9.00
Blade sample B3(6 min、200 MPa)	Tool tip arc radius/mm	0.80	0.69	13.75
Blade sample B4(8 min、200 MPa)	Rake angle/(°)	5.00	3.5	30.00
Blade sample B4(8 min、200 MPa)	Tool tip arc radius/mm	0.80	0.61	23.75

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