Friction and wear properties of TC4 titanium alloy with high-speed nitriding treatment
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摘要: 为了改善TC4钛合金表面硬度、耐磨性较差的缺点，本文提出了基于超快高温烧结(UHS)工艺的快速渗氮处理(HSNT)表面处理方法。对TC4钛合金表面进行HSNT，利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜研究试样的微观组织，采用维氏显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验装置对试样进行力学性能测试。2 min即可在TC4钛合金表面形成改性层，改性层由两部分组成，最表层为氮化物层，厚度10 μm，平均显微硬度为973.55 HV0.1，主要成分为TiN；次表层为渗氮层，厚度10 μm，平均显微硬度为774.53 HV0.1，截面显微硬度整体呈现出阶梯分布的趋势。摩擦磨损试验发现，在20 N载荷下，经过HSNT的TC4的摩擦系数为0.406，降低了24.4%，经过HSNT的TC4的磨损体积为0.302 mm3，降低了86.7%。不同载荷下经过HSNT的TC4的摩擦系数和磨损体积始终小于TC4钛合金，且均随着载荷的增加而增大。在20 N载荷下，TC4的磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损，经过HSNT的TC4的磨损机制主要表现为粘着磨损和氧化磨损。经过HSNT的TC4钛合金的性能得到了明显的改善，弥补了TC4硬度低，耐磨性差的缺点。Abstract: In order to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of TC4 titanium alloy, a high-speed nitriding treatment (HSNT) based on Ultrafast High-temperature Sintering (UHS) process was proposed. HSNT was ap-plied to the surface of TC4 titanium alloy, and the microstructure of the sample was studied by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties of the sample were tested by Vickers microhardness tester and friction and wear test device. The modified layer can be formed on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy in 2 min. The modified layer consists of two parts. The outermost layer is the nitride layer, the thickness is about 10 μm, the average microhardness is 973.55 HV0.1, and the main component is TiN. The sub-surface layer is nitriding layer, the thickness is also about 10 μm, the average microhardness is 774.53 HV0.1, the cross-section microhardness overall shows a trend of ladder distribution. The friction and wear test shows that under 20 N load, the friction coefficient of TC4 with HSNT is 0.406, which is reduced by 24.4%, and the wear volume of TC4 with HSNT is 0.302 mm3, which is reduced by 86.7%. The friction coefficient and wear volume of TC4 with HSNT under different loads are always smaller than that of TC4 titanium alloy, and all increase with the increase of load. Under 20 N load, the wear mechanism of TC4 is mainly abrasive wear and oxidative wear, while the wear mechanism of TC4 with HSNT is mainly adhesive wear and oxidative wear. The performance of TC4 titanium alloy with HSNT has been significantly improved, making up for the shortcomings of low hard-ness and poor wear resistance of TC4.
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Key words:
- TC4 titanium alloy /
- High-speed Nitriding Treatment /
- microstructure /
- microhardness /
- friction and wear
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图 2 快速渗氮处理(HSNT)工艺技术路线图
Figure 2. Technical roadmap of high-speed nitriding treatment (HSNT)
图 3 TC4钛合金快速渗氮处理后的截面形貌：(a)500倍；(b)2000倍；(c)线扫分析
Figure 3. Cross-sectional topography of the TC4 titanium alloy with HSNT:(a)500×;(b)2000×;(c) line scanning analysis
图 4 TC4快速渗氮处理后改性层的XRD图谱
Figure 4. XRD patterns of the modified layer of the TC4 with HSNT
图 6 快速渗氮处理前后的TC4钛合金在5 N、20 N载荷下的摩擦系数(a)及平均摩擦系数(b)
Figure 6. Friction coefficient(a) of the TC4 titanium alloy before and after HSNT under loads of 5 N, 20 N as well asaverage friction coefficient(b)
图 7 快速渗氮处理前(a、b)后(c、d)的TC4钛合金在5 N载荷下的磨损形貌
Figure 7. Wear morphology of the TC4 titanium alloy before(a,b)and after(c,d)HSNT under a load of 5 N
图 8 快速渗氮处理前(a、b)后(c、d)的TC4钛合金在20 N载荷下的磨损形貌
Figure 8. Wear morphology of the TC4 titanium alloy before (a,b) and after (c,d) HSNT under a load of 20 N
图 9 快速渗氮处理前后的TC4钛合金在5 N、20 N载荷下的磨痕截面(a)及磨损体积(b)
Figure 9. Wear scar cross-section(a) of the TC4 titanium alloy before and after HSNT under loads of5 N, 20 N as well aswear volume(b)
图 10 快速渗氮处理前(a)后(c)的TC4在20 N载荷下的磨损形貌及相应EDS分析(b)、(d)
Figure 10. Wear morphology of the TC4 titanium alloy before (a) and after (c) HSNT under a load of 20 N as well as corresponding EDS analyses (b),(d)
表 1 TC4钛合金的元素成分(wt%)
Table 1. Elemental compositions of TC4 titanium alloy(wt%)
Ti Alloying element Impurity element Al V Fe Si C N H O Bal. 5.5~6.8 3.5~4.5 ≤0.30 ≤0.10 ≤0.10 ≤0.05 ＜0.015 ＜0.015 
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表 2 摩擦磨损试验参数
Table 2. Parameters of frictional wear test
Load/N Friction pair Temperature/℃ Rotate speed/(r·min−1) Time/min Radius/mm 5
20Si3N4 20 500 30 2
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