Preparation and properties of self-healing photochromic polyurethane composite fabric
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摘要: 为提高光致变色涂层织物耐用性能，采用光致变色微胶囊(PM)与两性离子聚氨酯(ZPU)制备PM/ZPU薄膜，并热压到棉织物上得到自修复光致变色PM/ZPU复合织物。对PM/ZPU复合织物的结构和形貌进行表征，并详细探讨了PM/ZPU复合织物的光致变色性能、自修复及回收利用能力。结果表明：经紫外光照射后，PM/ZPU复合织物的最大吸收波长由470 nm转移到530 nm，颜色由黄橙色变为红褐色，且具有良好的耐疲劳性能；基于两性离子的动态可逆性，PM/ZPU复合织物划痕可以在80 ℃下完全修复，断裂的复合织物在60 ℃下的黏合强度达到1.47 MPa，展现了优异的自修复性能；通过简单的溶解法可将废弃织物上的涂层进行回收并再利用，重新制备PM/ZPU复合织物依然具有良好的光致变色性能。Abstract: In order to improve the durability of photochromic coated fabrics, the photochromic microcapsules (PM) and zwitterionic polyurethane (ZPU) were used to prepare PM/ZPU films, which were then hot-pressed onto cotton fabrics to obtain the self-healing PM/ZPU composite fabrics. The structure and morphology of PM/ZPU composite fabric were characterized, and the photochromic properties, self-healing and recycling ability of PM/ZPU composite fabric were discussed in detail. The results show that the maximum absorption wavelength of PM/ZPU composite fabric changes from 470 nm to 530 nm, the color changes from yellow-orange to reddish-brown, and the fabric has good fatigue resistance. Based on the dynamic reversibility of zwitterionic, the scratches of PM/ZPU composite fabric can be completely repaired at 80 ℃, and the bond strength of the fractured composite fabric reaches 1.47 MPa at 60 ℃, showing excellent self-healing properties. The coating on the waste fabric can be recycled and reused by a simple dissolution method, and the PM/ZPU composite fabric can still be prepared with good photochromic properties.
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Key words:
- polyurethane /
- photochromism /
- self-healing property /
- recycling /
- composite fabric
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图 1 (a) 两性离子聚氨酯(ZPU)的合成; (b) 光致变色微胶囊(PM)/ZPU复合织物的制备
Figure 1. (a) Synthesis of zwitterionic polyurethane (ZPU); (b) Preparation of photochromic microcapsules (PM)/ZPU composite fabric
图 2 ZPU复合织物(a)和PM/ZPU复合织物(b)的红外光谱图
Figure 2. FTIR spectra of ZPU composite fabrics (a) and PM/ZPU composite fabrics (b)
图 3 复合织物的表面(a、b)、截面(a'、b')SEM图像和复合织物的EDS图像(c)
Figure 3. SEM images of the surface (a, b) and cross-sectional (a ', b') for composite fabrics, and EDS images (c) of composite fabrics
图 4 (a)纯棉织物；(b)ZPU复合织物；(c)PM/ZPU复合织物的接触角
Figure 4. Contact angle photo of (a) pure cotton fabric、(b)ZPU composite fabric、(c)PM/ZPU composite fabric
图 5 PM/ZPU复合织物在室温(a)和90℃(b)下的透气性
Figure 5. Permeability of PM/ZPU composite fabrics at room temperature (a) and 90℃ (b)
图 6 (a)不同压力下PM/ZPU复合织物正反面的K/S值；(b)在最大吸收波长处的K/S值
Figure 6. (a) The K/S values of the front and back surfaces of PM/ZPU composite fabrics under different pressures；(b) K/S value at maximum absorption wavelength
K—absorption coefficient; S—scattering coefficient
图 7 (a) PM/ZPU复合织物K/S值曲线随紫外光照射时间变化；(b) 完全变色后复合织物随时间褪色的K/S值曲线；(c) PM可逆光致变色机制
Figure 7. (a) K/S value of the composite fabric under UV irradiation time; (b) K/S value of the photochromic composite fabric in the dark; (c) Reversible photochromic mechanism of PM
图 9 复合织物划痕在不同温度下的自修复情况及机制
Figure 9. Self-healing process and mechanism of composite fabric under varied temperature
图 10 PM/ZPU复合织物断片自修复能力
Figure 10. Self-healing ability of PM/ZPU composite fabric fragments
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