吸波材料/结构及吸波-承载功能一体化结构研究进展

王江涛; 陈帅; 沈承; 高金翎; 刘家贵; 赵振宇; 王昕; 李振; 王鹏飞; 孟晗; 卢天健

吸波材料/结构及吸波-承载功能一体化结构研究进展

王江涛^{1, 2, ,},
陈帅³,
沈承^{1, 2},
高金翎^{1, 2},
刘家贵^{1, 2},
赵振宇^{1, 2},
王昕⁴,
李振⁴,
王鹏飞⁴,
孟晗^{1, 2},
卢天健^{1, 2}

1.
南京航空航天大学　航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室, 南京 210016
2.
南京航空航天大学　多功能轻量化材料与结构工信部重点实验室, 南京 210016
3.
西安交通大学　机械工程学院国际机械中心, 西安 710049
4.
中国航天科技创新研究院先进材料与能源研究中心, 北京 100176

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (12202188,12032010, 12302472)；国家高层次人才经费(YQR23023)

详细信息

通讯作者:
孟晗，博士研究生，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为轻量化多功能一体化结构设计与性能研究　E-mail: menghan@nuaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332; TB333; V19
计量
- 文章访问数: 94
- HTML全文浏览量: 50
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-22
- 修回日期: 2024-03-02
- 录用日期: 2024-03-26
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-20

Progress of wave-absorbing materials/structures and wave absorbing-load bearing multifunctional structures

WANG Jiangtao^{1, 2
, ,},
CHEN Shuai³,
SHEN Cheng^{1, 2},
GAO Jinling^{1, 2},
LIU Jiagui^{1, 2},
ZHAO Zhenyu^{1, 2},
WANG Xin⁴,
LI Zhen⁴,
WANG Pengfei⁴,
MENG Han^{1, 2},
LU Tianjian^{1, 2}

1.
National Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Lightweight Materials and Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
3.
Nternational Mechanical Center, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi′an 710072, China
4.
Advanced Materials and Energy Research Center, China Academy of Space Science and Technology Innovation, Beijing 100176, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (12202188,12032010, 12302472); National High-Level Talent Fund (YQR23023)

摘要

摘要: 随着现代科学技术的迅速发展，电子信息设备的普及极大改善了人们的生活质量，但随之也带来了电磁干扰与电磁辐射等安全问题，尤其是对于国防军工领域，雷达测试技术的改进升级使得武器装备的生存力面对巨大威胁。因此迫切需要开发高性能的电磁吸波材料来抑制电磁干扰与辐射，防止信息泄露。本文以吸波材料与吸波结构应用为切入点，对各种吸波材料的电磁波损耗机制进行了系统地整理，同时探讨了吸波结构的主要应用手段，并以此为基础阐述了吸波材料与吸波结构的研究现状与发展趋势，进一步分析了目前研究发展中吸波材料与吸波结构具备的优势与不足，最后提炼出了吸波领域未来需要解决的关键科学问题，针对现今吸波材料与结构功能一体化研究的不足，提出了关于未来研究方向的关键性建议。在此所讨论的方法与提出的策略有望对未来吸波-承载结构创新型设计提供一定的指导。
- 吸波材料/结构 /
- 吸波-承载 /
- 功能一体化 /
- 电磁波损耗机制 /
- 电磁辐射
Abstract: With the rapid advancement of modern science and technology, the widespread adoption of electronic information devices has significantly enhanced the quality of human life. However, security issues such as electromagnetic interference and leakage are arose with this progress. These issues become particularly pronounced in the field of national defense and military technology, where the improvement and upgrading of radar testing technologies pose substantial threats to the survivability of weaponry systems. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop high-performance electromagnetic absorption materials to suppress electromagnetic interference and radiation, thereby preventing information leakage. This article takes the application of absorption materials and absorption structures as its starting point, systematically organizing the electromagnetic wave loss mechanism of various absorption materials. Simultaneously, it explores the primary means of application for absorption structures. Building upon this foundation, the current state and future trends of research on absorption materials and structures are elucidated. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and shortcomings inherent in current research and development is undertaken, culminating in the identification of key scientific issues that the field of absorption must address in the future. In response to the current inadequacies in the integration of absorption materials and structural functionality, pivotal recommendations regarding future research directions are proposed. The methods discussed and strategies put forth herein are poised to provide valuable guidance for innovative designs in the realm of absorption-bearing structures in the future.
- Absorbing materials/structures /
- Wave absorbing-load bearing /
- Multifunctional /
- Electromagnetic wave loss mechanism /
- Electromagnetic radiation

HTML全文

图 1 吸波材料结构功能一体化结构应用

Figure 1. Wave-absorbing material structure functionally integrated structure application

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图 2 (a)空心碳纳米球吸收机制^[30]；(b)氧化三铁@聚吡咯复合材料^[31]

Figure 2. (a) Absorption mechanism of hollow carbon nanospheres^[30]; (b) Triiron oxide@polypyrrole composites^[31]

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图 3 极化弛豫模型

Figure 3. Polarization relaxation model

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图 4 (a)Ni和粉煤灰功能陶瓷^[34]；(b)核-壳fesal/Al₂O₃/SiO₂(FSA@GCLs)矩阵^[37]

Figure 4. (a) Ni and fly ash functional ceramics^[34]; (b) Core-shell fesal/Al₂O₃/SiO₂(FSA@GCLs)matrices^[37]

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图 5 维网状结构的羰基铁(CI)/碳泡沫(CF)新型磁介质复合材料^[43]

Figure 5. Carbonyl iron (CI)/carbon foam (CF) novel magnetic dielectric composites with dimensional mesh structure^[43]

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图 6 (a)磁热转换机制；(b)干涉相消机制

Figure 6. (a) Mechanism of action I; (b) Mechanism of action II

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图 7 吸波超表面结构示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of wave-absorbing ultra-surface structure

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图 8 (a)ITO设计宽带吸收器^[63]；(b)碳化棉填充台阶状结构^[64]

Figure 8. (a) ITO design broadband absorber^[63]; (b) Carbonized cotton filled step-like structure^[64]

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图 9 (a)基于蝴蝶翅膀陀螺微结构^[75]；(b)新型曲壁复合蜂窝结构^[76]

Figure 9. (a) Based on butterfly wing gyro microstructure^[75]; (b) New curved-wall composite honeycomb structure^[76]

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图 10 (a)吸波蜂窝夹心复合材料^[78]；(b)超高密度聚乙烯纤维树脂复合材料^[79]；(c)三维正交碳纤维/芳纶纤维混杂编织物增强环氧复合材料^[80]

Figure 10. (a) Wave-absorbing honeycomb sandwich composites^[78]; (b) Ultra-high density polyethylene fiber resin composites^[79]; (c) Three-dimensional orthogonal carbon fiber/aramid fiber hybrid braid reinforced epoxy composites^[80]

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图 11 (a)玻纤板层间进行缝合并嵌入方块图案电阻膜^[81]；(b)两层台阶状超表面结构^[82]

Figure 11. (a) Stitching and embedding of square-patterned resistive films between layers of fiberglass panels^[81]; (b) Two-layer step-like hypersurface structure^[82]

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图 12 (a)复合材料方形蜂窝结构^[84]；(b)双层斜蜂窝夹层结构^[85]

Figure 12. (a) Composite square honeycomb structure^[84]; (b) Double-layer inclined honeycomb sandwich structure^[85]

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图 13 电磁波传播示意图

Figure 13. Schematic of electromagnetic wave propagation

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