Radar-IR dual band compatible carbon fiber/aluminum powder /modified EPDM composite coating
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摘要: 多波段兼容的复合涂层材料在军民融合领域需求迫切，是目前的研究热点。涂料粘结剂是影响涂层力学性能、红外性能和介电性能的重要组分，然而大部分有机粘结剂红外发射率较高，添加低发射率填料后往往无法协调力学性能、红外隐身和雷达透波性能之间的矛盾。以丙烯酸(AA)、马来酸酐(MAH)为改性单体对三元乙丙粘结剂进行接枝改性，以改性前后的三元乙丙为粘结剂，以漂浮性铝粉和短切抗静电碳纤维为填料，制备了具有低红外发射率和低介电损耗特性的复合涂层。系统研究了改性单体种类、用量对粘结剂本身以及对添加填料的复合涂层性能的影响规律。研究结果表明，随着改性单体含量的增加，复合涂层的红外发射率略有提高，而雷达透波性能基本维持不变。粘结剂的接枝改性改善了填料和粘结剂之间的相容性、润湿性和界面结合，显著提高了复合涂层的力学性能，通过适当的接枝改性，复合涂层的拉伸强度(σb)和断裂伸长率(e)分别可提高32%和18%。分析了引入极性单体对复合涂层介电常数和损耗的影响，以及对填料与树脂相容性的影响。Abstract: Multi-band compatible composite coating materials are in urgent demand in the field of civil-military integration and are a current research hotspot. Coating binder is an important component affecting the mechanical, infrared and dielectric properties of coatings. However, most organic binders have high infrared emissivity, and the low emissivity fillers often fail to harmonize the contradiction between mechanical properties, infrared stealth and radar transmittance properties. A composite coating with low infrared emissivity and low dielectric loss characteristics was prepared by modifying EPDM binder with acrylic acid (AA) and maleic anhydride (MAH) as grafting monomers, and using EPDM rubber as binder before and after modification, floating aluminum powder and short-cut antistatic carbon fiber as fillers. The influence laws of modified monomer type and dosage on the binder itself and on the performance of the composite coating with added filler were systematically investigated. The results show that the infrared emissivity of the composite coatings slightly increases with the increase of the content of grafted monomers, while the radar transmittance properties remain basically unchanged. The graft modification of the binder improves the compatibility, wettability and interfacial bonding between the filler and binder, which significantly improves the mechanical and comprehensive properties of the composite coating. The tensile strength (σb) and elongation at break (e) of the composite coating can be increased by 32% and 18%, respectively, by appropriate graft modification. The mechanism of the effect of AA and MAH graft modification on the coating properties was revealed from the aspects of polarity, branching and cross-linking.
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Key words:
- composite coating /
- infrared stealth /
- infrared emissivity /
- wave-transmission /
- dielectric /
- carbon fiber /
- radar
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图 2 单体含量对改性清漆涂层力学性能的影响
Figure 2. Effect of monomer content on mechanical properties of modified varnish coatings
图 3 复合涂层力学性能随改性单体用量的变化
Figure 3. Mechanical properties of the composite coating vary with the amount of the monomers
图 4 复合涂层拉伸断口SEM形貌
Figure 4. SEM morphology of composite coating tensile fracture
(a) Low magnification and (b) high magnification of composite coating without modification (a1)-(a4) composite coating modified by AA (b1)-(b4) composite coating modified by MAH
图 5 清漆涂层红外发射率随厚度和底板的变化
Figure 5. Infrared emissivity of varnish coating with thickness and base plate type
图 6 复合涂层红外发射率随改性单体的变化(底板均为环氧板)
Figure 6. Infrared emissivity of composite coating vary with the amount of the monomers(the base plates are all epoxy)
图 7 清漆涂层的介电性能随改性单体用量的变化
Figure 7. Dielectric properties of the varnish coating vary with the amount of the monomers
图 8 改性前后复合涂层的介电性能
Figure 8. Dielectric properties of the composite coating before and after modification
表 1 样品编号和单体用量
Table 1. Samples and the dosage of monomers
Samples Dosage of AA/g Dosage of MAH/g EPDM-g-AA1 0.5 0 EPDM-g-AA2 1.0 0 EPDM-g-AA3 1.5 0 EPDM-g-AA4 2.0 0 EPDM-g-MAH1 0 0.5 EPDM-g-MAH2 0 1.0 EPDM-g-MAH3 0 1.5 EPDM-g-MAH4 0 2.0 Notes: EPDM—Ethylene propylene diene; AA—modified by acrylic acid; MAH—modified by maleic anhydride. 
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