Synthesis and properties of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites
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摘要: 采用机械搅拌、真空磁力搅拌消泡和加热固化的方法，在柔性的聚二甲基硅氧烷中填充赤泥制备了赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料，并对复合材料的结构与形貌、力学性能和热性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明，赤泥作为交联节点和自润滑颗粒提高了复合材料的弹性模量、抗拉强度、邵氏硬度、冲击强度和摩擦磨损性能，其中，冲击强度的提高较显著，从41.13 kJ·m−2增大至273.33 kJ·m−2，增加了565%。此外，赤泥作为不可燃物也提高了复合材料的阻燃性能，极限氧指数从25.7%增大至34.7%，增加了35%，进入难燃材料的范围(>27%)。这有望扩宽这种硅酮材料的应用领域，同时为赤泥的资源化利用和新型赤泥/聚合物复合材料的研究提供参考。Abstract: Red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites were prepared by filling red mud in flexible polydimethylsiloxane by mechanical stirring, vacuum magnetic stirring defoamination and heating curing. The structure, microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were characterized and analyzed. The results showed that, Red mud as a cross-linked node and self-lubricating particle improved the elastic modulus, tensile strength, hardness Shore, impact strength and friction and wear properties of the composites, among which the impact strength increased significantly, from 41.13 kJ·m−2 to 273.33 kJ·m−2, an increase of 565%. In addition, red mud as a non-combustible also improved the flame retardant performance of the composites, the limiting oxygen index increased from 25.7% to 34.7%, an increase of 35%, into the range of refractory materials (> 27%). This is expected to expand the application field of this silicone material, and provide a reference for the resource utilization of red mud and the research of new red mud/polymer composites.
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Key words:
- red mud /
- red mud utilization /
- padding /
- composites /
- silicone /
- polydimethylsilox
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图 1 赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料的制备过程
Figure 1. Synthesis process of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites
图 2 不同赤泥体积含量的赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料的红外光谱图谱
Figure 2. FTIR patterns of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites with different red mud volume content
图 3 赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料的光学照片: (a) 0 vol%; (b) 10 vol%; (c) 20 vol%; (d) 30 vol%; (e) 40 vol%
Figure 3. Optical photos of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites: (a) 0 vol%; (b) 10 vol%; (c) 20 vol%; (d) 30 vol%; (e) 40 vol%
图 4 赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料的扫描电子显微镜图像: (a) (b) 0 vol%; (c) (d) 10 vol%; (e) (f) 20 vol%; (g) (h) 30 vol%; (i) (j) 40 vol%
Figure 4. SEM images of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites: (a) (b) 0 vol%; (c) (d) 10 vol%; (e) (f) 20 vol%; (g) (h) 30 vol%; (i) (j) 40 vol%
图 5 赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料的实际密度与气孔: (a)实际密度; (b)气孔率
Figure 5. Actual density and void percentage of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites: (a) actual density; (b) void percentage
图 6 赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料的吸水率
Figure 6. Water absorption of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites
图 7 赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料的室温拉伸性能: (a)应力-应变曲线; (b)弹性模量; (c)抗拉强度
Figure 7. Tensile properties of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites at room temperature: (a) stress-strain curve; (b) elasticity modulus; (c) tensile strength
图 8 赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料的邵氏硬度A
Figure 8. Hardness shore A of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites
图 9 赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料的冲击强度
Figure 9. Impact strength of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites
图 10 赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料的摩擦磨损性能: (a)摩擦系数-时间曲线; (b)磨损量; (c)摩擦系数
Figure 10. Friction and wear properties of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites: (a) friction-time curve; (b) wear rate; (c) friction coefficient
图 11 赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料的热分析: (a)差示扫描量热法曲线; (b)热重曲线
Figure 11. Thermal analysis curves of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites: (a) DSC; (b) TG
图 12 赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷复合材料的极限氧指数测试: (a)赤泥0 vol%燃烧前; (b)赤泥0 vol%燃烧后; (c)赤泥40 vol%燃烧前; (d)赤泥40 vol%燃烧后; (e)极限氧指数
Figure 12. Limiting oxygen index test of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites: (a) before burning of 0 vol% red mud; (b) after burning of 0 vol% red mud; (c) before burning of 40 vol% red mud; (d) after burning of 40 vol% red mud; (e) limiting oxygen index
图 13 赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)的力学性能和阻燃性能与一些聚合物复合材料的对比: (a)抗拉强度对比; (b)冲击强度对比; (c)极限氧指数对比
Figure 13. Mechanical properties and flame retardancy of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) compared with some polymer composites: (a) tensile strength comparison; (b) impact strength comparison; (c) comparison of limiting oxygen index
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