Recent Progress on Silicon Source Materials and the Related Preparation Process of Silicon-Based Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries
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摘要: 近年来，新能源汽车的飞速发展对电池的性能提出了更高要求，而传统石墨类负极材料的比容量较低，难以满足发展的需求。硅具有极高的理论比容量，作为负极材料能有效提高电池性能，具有巨大的发展潜力，而制备硅基负极的硅源材料、硅颗粒的形貌尺寸及其加工制备工艺对硅基负极性能有着重要影响。本文综述了硅基负极材料的最新研究进展，重点关注硅源材料的选择、硅纳米化工艺、硅基负极材料的制备等，提出了不同硅源和对应制备工艺在硅基负极材料制备过程中存在的问题和挑战，为锂离子硅基负极的发展提供重要的参考。Abstract: With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the traditional graphite carbon-based anodes can no longer meet the increasing demand for high performance lithium-ion battery, especially in terms of capacity. Silicon, boasting an exceptionally high theoretical capacity, serves as a promising anode material capable of significantly enhancing battery performance, showcasing tremendous development potential, where the silicon source materials, the morphology and size of the silicon particles, and the fabrication process play dominant roles on the performance of silicon-based anodes. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent research progresses on the silicon-based anode materials, with a specific emphasis on the selection of silicon source materials, silicon nanostructuring technologies, and the preparation processes. Moreover, it accentuates the challenges and existing problems associated with the different silicon sources as well as the related preparation processes for the silicon-based anode materials, which will eventually provide deep insights for the advancement of silicon-based anodes in lithium-ion battery.
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Key words:
- silicon /
- anode material /
- nano miniaturization /
- lithium-ion battery /
- electrochemical performance
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图 3 (a)稻壳制备纳米硅[23]和(b)三维多孔硅/碳纳米复合材料的示意图[24]；(c)循环性能图[28] (d) 熔盐电解法制备多孔硅基复合材料示意图[28]
Figure 3. (a) Preparation of Nano Silicon from Rice Hull[23]. (b) Schematic illustration of the formation process of 3 D porous Si/C nanocomposite[24]. (c) Cyclic performance of the prepared materials[28]. (d) Schematic illustration of the preparation of Si composites by the molten salt electrolysis approach[28].
图 5 (a)球磨过程示意图[48]；(b)硅颗粒尺寸随球磨时间变化[51]；(c)硅碳负极材料的循环性能图；(d)原硅粉SEM图；(e)球磨8 h后硅粉SEM图[52]
Figure 5. (a) The schematic diagram of ball milling process[48]; (b) The change of particle size of silicon with milling time[51]; (c) Cyclic performance; (d) SEM of original Si powders; (e) SEM of Si powders after 8 h ball milling[52].
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