选区激光熔化B<sub>4</sub>C/Al复合材料的组织与性能

邓昀麒; 胡启耀

选区激光熔化B₄C/Al复合材料的组织与性能

邓昀麒,
胡启耀^,

南昌航空大学　航空制造工程学院, 南昌 330063

基金项目: 江西省自然科学基金面上项目(20192BAB206003)；校级”课程思政“示范课程建设经费(sz2218)；校级教改课题(JY21026)

详细信息

通讯作者:
胡启耀，博士，讲师，硕士生导师，研究方向为金属新材料的制备及其成形数值模拟　E-mail：huqiyao2008@163.com

中图分类号: TB333
计量
- 文章访问数: 216
- HTML全文浏览量: 116
- PDF下载量: 2
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-04
- 修回日期: 2023-09-09
- 录用日期: 2023-09-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-11
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-15

Microstructure and properties investigation of B₄C/Al composite materialsfabricated by selective laser melting

DENG Yunqi,
HU Qiyao^,

School of Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China

Funds: Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, No. 20192BAB206003; University-level "Curriculum Ideological and Political" demonstration course construction funds (sz2218); School Level Teaching Reform Project (JY21026)

摘要

摘要: 为了解决B₄C/Al复合材料制备过程中B₄C颗粒分布不均、团聚及易与Al基体发生剧烈反应的问题。本文采用选区激光熔化法制备了B₄C/Al复合材料，研究了激光功率和Ti元素对B₄C/Al复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，B₄C/Al复合材料的致密度随激光功率的增大先增大后减少，激光功率240 W时致密度达到最大为94.1%；制备过程中B₄C颗粒易与Al基体发生界面反应并且随激光功率增大而增大，形成界面产物Al₃BC和Al₃B₄₈C₂脆性相和微裂纹，导致界面结合性能降低；加Ti的B₄C/Al复合材料的致密度提高到95.2%，形成的界面产物TiC和TiB₂能有效抑制界面反应，界面清晰完整结合性能高，复合材料抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高41%、49.3%，拉伸断裂方式由脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂。
- 金属基复合材料 /
- 选区激光熔化 /
- B₄C/Al复合材料 /
- 微观组织 /
- 界面反应 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: In order to solve the problems of uneven distribution of B₄C particles, agglomeration and violent reaction with Al matrix during the preparation of B₄C/Al composites. In this paper, B₄C/Al composites were prepared by selective laser melting method. The effects of laser power and Ti elements on microstructure and mechanical properties of B₄C/Al composites were studied. The results show that the density of B₄C/Al composites increases first and then decreases with the increase of laser power, and reaches the maximum density of 94.1% at 240 W. During the preparation process, B₄C particles are prone to interfacial reaction with Al matrix and increase with the increase of laser power, resulting in brittle phases and micro-cracks of Al₃BC and Al₃B₄₈C₂, resulting in decreased interfacial bonding properties. The density of B₄C/Al composite with Ti increased to 95.2%, the resulting interface products TiC and TiB₂ could effectively inhibit the interface reaction, and the interface was clear and complete with high bonding properties. The tensile strength and elongation of the composite were increased by 41% and 49.3%, respectively, and the tensile fracture mode changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture.
- metal matrix composite /
- selective laser melting /
- B₄C/Al composite materials /
- microstructure /
- interface reaction /
- mechanical properties

HTML全文

图 1 (a) 选区激光熔化(SLM)制备的B₄C/Al试件；(b)拉伸尺寸图

Figure 1. (a) B₄C/Al composites prepared by selective laser melt (SLM) technology; (b) Stretch the dimensional drawing

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同激光功率下制备B₄C/Al复合材料的SEM图像：(a)(b)220 W；(c)(d)240 W；(e)(f)260 W；(g)(h)280 W

Figure 2. SEM images of as-prepared B4 C/Al composites with different laser powers: (a) (b) 220 W; (c) (d) 240 W; (e) (f) 260 W; (g) (h) 280 W

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 B₄C/Al复合材料致密度随激光功率变化的柱形图

Figure 3. Column diagram of the density of as-prepared B₄C/Al composites with the increase of laser power

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 B₄C/Al复合材料的电镜图像：(a)(b)无Ti复合材料的SEM图；(c)(d) 含Ti复合材料的SEM图； (e)(f)含Ti复合材料的BSE图

Figure 4. Electron microscope images of as-prepared B₄C/Al composites: (a) (b) SEM images of composites without Ti; (c) (d) SEM diagram of composites with Ti; (e) (f) BSE diagram of composites with Ti

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 (a)无Ti复合材料OM图像及致密度；(b)含Ti复合材料OM图像及致密度；(c)无Ti时B₄C/Al界面微结构TEM图像；(d)含Ti时B₄C/Al界面微结构TEM图像；(e)含Ti复合材料的HRTEM图像；(f) 含Ti复合材料的SAED图像

Figure 5. (a) OM image and density of composites without Ti; (b) OM image and density of composites containing Ti; (c) TEM images of as-prepared B₄C/Al interface microstructure without Ti; (d) TEM images of as-prepared B₄C/Al interface microstructure with Ti; (e) HRTEM images of composites with Ti; (f) SAED images of composites with Ti

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 (a) (b)无Ti复合材料TEM面扫和SEM线扫；(c) (d)含Ti复合材料TEM面扫和SEM线扫

Figure 6. (a)(b) TEM surface scanning and SEM line scanning without Ti composite materials; (c)(d) TEM surface scanning and SEM line scanning of composites with Ti

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 B₄C/Al复合材料的XRD图像：(a)无Ti复合材料；(b)含Ti复合材料

Figure 7. XRD images of as-prepared B₄C/Al composites: (a) composites without Ti; (b) Composite materials with Ti

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 含Ti复合材料反应(4)-(10)的吉布斯自由能∆G随温度的变化图

Figure 8. The gibbs free energy ∆G of the reaction (4)-(10) of composites withTi as a function of temperature

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 B₄C/Al复合材料的反应机制：(a)无Ti复合材料；(b)含Ti复合材料

Figure 9. Reaction mechanism of B₄C/Al composites: (a) composites without Ti; (b) Composite materials with Ti

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 B₄C/Al复合材料的应力应变曲线图

Figure 10. Stress-strain curves of as-prepared B₄C/Al composites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 B₄C/Al复合材料的SEM断口图像：(a)(b)无Ti复合材料；(c)(d)含Ti复合材料

Figure 11. SEM fracture images of B₄C/Al composites: (a) (b) composites without Ti; (c) (d) Composites with Ti

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 铝合金AlSi10 Mg的化学成分(wt%)

Table 1. Chemical composition of AlSi10 Mg (wt%)

Element	Al	Si	Mg	Zn	Cu	Ni	Fe	Ti	Mn	O
Content	Bal	9.87	0.34	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.86	<0.01	<0.01	0.051

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 SLM制备B₄C/Al复合材料的工艺参数

Table 2. Process parameters of B₄C/Al composites prepared by SLM

	B₄C/Al	(Ti+B₄C)/Al
Processing parameters	Parameter values	Parameter values
Laser power /W	220、240、260、280	240
Scanning speed/(mm·s⁻¹)	1200	1200
Scanning spacing /mm	0.17	0.17
Layer thickness /mm	0.03	0.03

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 B₄C/Al复合材料的力学性能

Table 3. Mechanical properties of as-prepared B₄C/Al composites

Materials	Hardness/HV	Ultimat tensile stress/MPa	Elongation/%
AlSi10 Mg^[29]	—	304	7.4
B₄C/AlSi10 Mg	139.9(±6)	238(±9)	6.9(±1.5)
(B₄C+Ti)/AlSi10 Mg	151.7(±7.5)	335.6(±4.4)	10.3(±1.3)
(B₄C+Ti)/Al Stirring casting^[25]	52.1	139	9.7

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(29)

[1]	SHARMA D K, SHARMA M, UPADHYAY G. Boron carbide (B₄C) reinforced aluminum matrix composites (AMCs)[J]. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019, 9(1): 2194-2203. doi: 10.35940/ijitee.A4766.119119
[2]	LEMINE A S, FAYYAZ O, YUSUF M, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites with bimodal-sized hybrid NbC-B₄C reinforcements[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2022, 33: 104512. doi: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104512
[3]	杨涛, 刘润爱, 王文先, 等. 热轧高含量B₄C颗粒增强Al基复合材料的成形性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2021, 38(7): 2234-2243. YANG Tao, LIU Runai, WANG Wenxian, et al. Formability of high content B₄C particle reinforced Al matrix composites by hot rolling[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2021, 38(7): 2234-2243(in Chinese).
[4]	NIRALA A, SOREN S, KUMAR N, et al. A comprehensive review on mechanical properties of Al-B₄C stir casting fabricated composite[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020, 21(3): 1432-1435.
[5]	CHEN X G, HARK R. Developments of Al-30%B₄C metal matrix composites for neutron absorber material[J]. TMS Annual Meeting, 2008: 3-9.
[6]	WANG Z X, LI Q L, ZHENG J Y, et al. Improving Al wettability on B₄C by transition metal doping: A combined DFT and experiment study[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2017, 46(9): 2345-2351.
[7]	GUO W B, HU Q Y, XIAO P, et al. Effect of Ti element on the interfacial reactions and micro-structures of the Al-B₄C composites fabricated by the stir-casting method[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2022, 584: 152619. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.152619
[8]	GUO H, ZHANG Z W, ZHANG Y, et al. Improving the mechanical properties of B₄C/Al composites by solid-state interfacial reaction[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 829: 154521.
[9]	李明川, 蒋立异, 刘婷婷, 等. 碳纳米管对激光选区熔化成形Al基复合材料的影响[J]. 复合材料学报, 2018, 35(7): 1889-1896. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20171108.004 LI Mingchuan, JIANG Liyi, LIU Tingting, et al. Effect of carbon nanotubes on Al matrix composites fabricated by selected laser melting[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2018, 35(7): 1889-1896(in Chinese). doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20171108.004
[10]	CHEN Y, SONG S Q, ZHU S, et al. Selective laser remelting of in-situ Al₂O₃ particles reinforced AlSi₁₀Mg matrix composite: Densification, microstructure and microhardness[J]. Vacuum, 2021, 191: 110365. doi: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2021.110365
[11]	宋亢, 坚增运, 王渭中, 等. SLM成形10%SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的工艺优化及性能[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(S2): 1376-1380. SONG Kang, JIAN Zengyun, WANG Weizhong, et al. Proper ties and process optimization of 10%SiC_p/AlSi10Mg composites by SLM[J]. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(S2): 1376-1380(in Chinese).
[12]	ZHANG D Y, YI D H, WU X P, et al. SiC reinforced AlSi₁₀Mg composites fabricated by selective laser melting[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 894: 162365. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162365
[13]	章敏立, 吴一, 廉清, 等. 激光选区熔化成形原位自生TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料的微观组织和力学性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2018, 35(11): 3114-3121. ZHANG Minli, WU Yi, LIAN Qing, et al. Microstructures and mechanical properties of in situ TiB₂/Al-Si composite fabricated by selective laser melting[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2018, 35(11): 3114-3121(in Chinese).
[14]	XUE G, KE L D, ZHU H H, et al. Influence of processing parameters on selective laser melted SiCp/AlSi₁₀Mg composites: Densification, microstructure and mechanical properties[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2019, 764: 138155. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2019.138155
[15]	ANANDKUMAR R, ALMEIDA A, COLAÇO R, et al. Microstructure and wear studies of laser clad Al-Si/SiC_(p) composite coatings[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2007, 201(24): 9497-9505.
[16]	VIALA J C, BOUIX J, GONZALEZ G, et al. Chemical reactivity of aluminium with boron carbide[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 1997, 32(17): 4559-4573. doi: 10.1023/A:1018625402103
[17]	WU H Y, ZHANG S C, GAO M X, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of multi-carbides/(Al, Si) composites derived from porous B₄C preforms by reactive melt infiltration[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2012, 551: 200-208. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2012.05.008
[18]	WANG L Z, WANG S, WU J J. Experimental investigation on densification behavior and surface roughness of AlSi₁₀Mg powders produced by selective laser melting[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2017, 96: 88-96.
[19]	ZHANG Z, FORTIN K, CHARETTE A, et al. Effect of titanium on microstructure and fluidity of Al–B₄C composites[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2011, 46(9): 3176-3185.
[20]	郭文波, 胡启耀, 肖鹏. 界面反应产物对 B₄C/Al 复合材料颗粒润湿性及界面强度的影响机制[J]. 复合材料学报, 2022, 39(6): 2941-2948. GUO Wenbo, HU Qiyao, XIAO Peng. Effect of interfacial reaction products on the wettability and interfacial strength of B₄C/Al composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2022, 39(6): 2941-2948(in Chinese)
[21]	AZIMI H, NOUROUZI S, JAMAATI R. Effects of Ti particles and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy fabricated by compocasting[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:A, 2021, 818: 141443. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141443
[22]	YI J C, ZHANG X W, RAO J H, et al. In-situ chemical reaction mechanism and non-equilibrium microstructural evolution of (TiB₂+TiC)/AlSi₁₀Mg composites prepared by SLM-CS processing[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, 857: 157553.
[23]	ZHANG L, PANG S P, GU W H, et al. Interface regulation mechanism of Ti doping on B₄C/Al composites[J]. Ceramics International, 2023, 49(4): 6113-6118. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.10.109
[24]	YI J C, ZHANG X W, LIU G Z, et al. Microstructure and dynamic microhardness of additively manufactured (TiB₂+TiC)/AlSi₁₀Mg composites with AlSi₁₀Mg and B₄C coated Ti powder[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2023, 939: 168718. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.168718
[25]	GU D D, MEINERS W, WISSENBACH K, et al. Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: Materials, processes and mechanisms[J]. International Materials Reviews, 2012, 57(3): 133-164. doi: 10.1179/1743280411Y.0000000014
[26]	ARSLAN G, KARA F, TURAN S. Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of reactive infiltrated boron carbide–aluminium composites[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2003, 23(8): 1243-1255. doi: 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00304-7
[27]	叶大伦, 胡建华. 实用无机物热力学数据手册[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2002. YE Dalun, HU Jianhua. Practical inorganic thermodynamic data handbook[M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2002(in Chinese).
[28]	WANG M L, CHEN D, CHEN Z, et al. Mechanical properties of in-situ TiB₂/A356 composites[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2014, 590: 246-254. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.10.021
[29]	韩静, 吕俊霞, 王晋, 等. 选区激光熔化AlSi₁₀Mg合金不同温度原位拉伸变形行为及断裂机理研究[J]. 材料科学与工艺, 2022, 30(6): 10-19. HAN Jing, LYU Junxia, WANG Jin, et al. In-situ investigation of deformation behavior and fracture mechanism of selective laser melting AlSi₁₀Mg alloy at different temperatures[J]. Materials Science and Technology, 2022, 30(6): 10-19(in Chinese).