Research progress in fluorescent transparent functional wood composite materials
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摘要: 随着社会不断发展，迫切需要一种环保、成本低、韧性好、强度高、附加值高的绿色复合材料−荧光透明功能木质复合材料，以替代传统玻璃门窗、建筑及家居材料。荧光透明功能木质复合材料具有绿色、高透光率、强度高、韧性好、荧光效果优异、紫外屏蔽性好 、抗菌和良好力学性能等优点，应用领域广阔。本文综述了荧光材料的发光原理及影响因素、木质基材的各种制备方法以及荧光透明功能木质复合材料的应用，并介绍了荧光透明功能木质复合材料在LED灯、传感器、加密防伪以及紫外转换和甲醛检测等方面的应用，最后展望未来的应用场景并提出了目前亟待解决的问题。
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关键词:
- 荧光透明木质复合材料 /
- 发光原理 /
- 木模板设计 /
- 智能传感 /
- 光阻隔与转换
Abstract: With the continuous development of society, there is an urgent need for a green composite material with environmental protection, low cost, good toughness, high strength, and high added value - functional fluorescent transparent wood composite material, to replace traditional glass doors and windows, building and home materials. Functional fluorescent transparent wood composite materials have advantages such as green, high transmittance, high strength, good toughness, excellent fluorescence effect, good UV shielding, antibacterial, and good mechanical properties, and have broad application fields. This article summarizes the luminescence principle and influencing factors of fluorescent materials, various preparation methods of wood substrates, and the application of functional fluorescent transparent wood composite materials. It also introduces the applications of functional fluorescent transparent wood composite materials in LED lamps, sensors, encryption and anti-counterfeiting, UV conversion, and formaldehyde detection. Finally, it looks forward to future application scenarios and proposes the urgent problems to be solved at present. -
图 2 (a) 木模板和透明木材的光传输路径；(b) 荧光透明功能木质复合材料的常见制备方法
Figure 2. (a) Light transmission path of wood form and transparent wood; (b) Production methods of common functional fluorescent transparent wood composite materials
图 3 (a) 蓝色、绿色和红色CQDs封装出白光发光二极管(LED)[23]；(b) 发光透明木材的甲醛(FA)检测[25]
Figure 3. (a) White light-emitting diode (LED) packaged with blue, green and red CQDs[23]; (b) Luminescent detection of formaldehyde (FA) using luminescent transparent wood[25]
LTW—Luminescent transparent wood; Tc—Correlated color temperature
图 4 (a) 光敏信号随着CQDs含量的增加而增加(左)[50]和光散射图(右)[45]；(b) 荧光透明功能木质复合材料的pH响应变色情况[48]
Figure 4. (a) Photosensitive signal increases with the increasing CQDs content (Left)[50] and light scattering diagram (Right)[45]; (b) Color variation of fluorescent transparent wood composite according to the pH change[48]
C-Zn-C-0, C-Zn-C-1, C-Zn-C-2, C-Zn-C-3—Cotton cellulose framework (CCF)/CQDs/ZnO with different contents of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mL CQDs (1 mg/mL); TW—Transparent wood; G—Glass
图 6 (a) 紫外光、蓝光阻挡减轻对眼睛影响[52]；(b) 激光特性装置示意图及激光性能[9]
Figure 6. (a) Blocking and reducing impact on eyes towards ultraviolet and blue light[52]; (b) Schematic diagram of laser characteristic device, and laser performance of product[9]
NCDs—Nitrogen doped carbon dots; Cel—Cellulose; UV-A, UV-B, UV-C—315-400 nm, 280-315 nm, 100-280 nm of ultraviolet; HEBL—High-energy blue light
Name Refractivity Cellulose 1.53 Hemicellulose 1.53 Lignin 1.61 Pectin, tannins 1.50 Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 1.49 Polypropylene (PP) 1.49-1.52 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 1.49 Epoxy resin (EP) 1.53 Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 1.49 
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表 2 荧光透明功能木质复合材料的制备方法及产品性能
Table 2. Preparation method of functional fluorescent transparent wood composite and its performance
Wood Thickness/
mmWood pretreatment Fluorescence dye Resin Transmittance/
%Haze/
%Tensile strength/
MPaRef. Balsa 1.2 NaClO2 Rhodamine 6G PMMA 74 — — [9] Basswood 0.2 Lignin modification SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ PMMA 65 95 11.6 [15] Basswood 2 Lignin modification SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ EP — — 15.05 [16] Poplar 0.5 NaClO2 γ-Fe2O3@YVO4:Eu3+ PMMA 80.6 — 45.92 [17] Balsa 1 NaClO2 CQDs EP — — 9.4 [22] Balsa 1 DES delignification CQDs EP 85 85 60.92 [23] Poplar 1.5 NaClO2 CQDs EP 86.1 73 68 [24] Poplar 7 NaClO2 Lignin derived CQDs PVA 85 — — [25] Poplar 0.09 NaClO2 CdSe/ZnS quantum dot EP 90 31.2 ~43.9 [44] Balsa 2 NaClO2 Nitrided carbon graphite EP 87.17 92.27 — [45] Birch 0.4 Lignin modification CQDs PVA 78.5 — — [46] Basswood 0.2 NaClO2 Formaldehyde Dodecyl
aldehyde83 80 422 [47] Balsa 1 NaClO2 Diamine trioxide EP ~90 — 28.54 [48] Silver oak 1 Lignin modification Anionic fluorescent
whitening agenEP 82 90 — [49] Note: DES—Deep eutectic solvent.
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