Research progress in material selection of flexible electrochemical sensors
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摘要: 电化学传感器作为传统传感器的一种，具有效率高、响应性好和灵敏度高等优点。而柔性电化学传感器具有这些特点的同时，凭借其优异的柔韧性、拉伸性、可折叠性和电化学稳定性，被广泛应用于医疗卫生、环境监测和食品安全等方面。此外，该类传感器还具有方便携带、成本较低、灵敏度高和选择性好等特点。本文立足于柔性传感器活性材料的选择，从无机材料、有机材料、酶和天然材料入手，通过分析与总结近几年的研究成果，介绍材料的选择对电化学传感器性能的影响，重点阐述了不同材料在柔性电化学传感器方面的制备及应用，表明柔性电化学传感器在生产生活中发挥着不可替代的作用。最后对现阶段柔性传感器的研究应用存在的问题与挑战进行总结，并对其未来发展方向进行展望。Abstract: Electrochemical sensors, as a kind of traditional sensors, have the advantages of high efficiency, good responsiveness, and high sensitivity. Flexible electrochemical sensors with these characteristics are widely used in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety by virtue of their excellent flexibility, stretchability, foldability, and electrochemical stability. In addition, these sensors are featured with easy portability, lower cost, high sensitivity, and good selectivity. Based on the selection of active materials for flexible sensors, proceeding from inorganic materials, organic materials, enzymes, and natural materials, this paper analyses and summarizes the research results in recent years, introduces the influence of material selection on the performance of electrochemical sensors, primary focuses lie in the preparation and application of different materials in flexible electrochemical sensors, and shows that flexible electrochemical sensors play an irreplaceable role in production and life. Finally, this paper conclude the problems and challenges in the current research applications of flexible electrochemical sensors, and the future development of flexible electrochemical sensors are prospected.
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Key words:
- flexibility /
- electrochemistry /
- sensing /
- active material /
- research progress
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图 2 (a) 可寻址的纸基光电化学芯片示意图；TiO2/Pt 纳米材料功能化纸基光电化学传感器构建示意图(b)及检测原理((c), (d))[22]
NPs—Nanoparticles; NTs—Nanotubes; H1—Hairpin probe 1; H2—Hairpin probe 2; HT—Glutaraldehyde; PWE—Bare paper fibers; N-CDs—N-doped carbon dots; TS—Target strand; PS—Primer strand; CEA—Carcinoembryonic antigen
Figure 2. (a) Schematic illustration of the addressable paper photoelectrochemical chip; Construction process (b) and detection principle ((c), (d))of TiO2/Pt nanomaterial functionalized paper-based photoelectric chemical sensor[22]
图 4 (a) 铜-金属有机框架材料(Cu-MOF)电化学传感器的多层结构、SEM图像及3D框架结构[38]；(b)可定量检测葡萄糖的按钮传感器和其测试程序的3D原理图[40]
PET—Polyethylene terephthalate; CC—Carbon cloth
Figure 4. (a) Multi-layer structure, SEM image and 3D frame structure of Cu-metal organic frameworks (Cu-MOF) electrochemical sensor[38]; (b) 3D schematic diagram of button sensor and its test program that can quantitatively detect glucose[40]
图 5 共价有机框架/银纳米颗粒/碳布(COF/Ag NPs/CC)的制备及同时测定双酚A (BPA)和双酚S (BPS)的比值电化学传感器的构建示意图[43]
DPV—Differential pulse voltammetry
Figure 5. Schematic illustration for preparation of covalent organic framework/Ag nanoparticles/carbon cloth (COF/Ag NPs/CC) and the construction of ratiometric electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination for bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS)[43]
图 7 常见导电高分子的化学结构：(a)聚乙炔；(b)聚吡咯；(c)聚苯胺；(d)聚咔唑；(e)聚噻吩；(f)聚(3, 4-乙烯二氧噻吩)；(g)聚亚苯基；(h)聚对苯撑乙烯；(i)聚芴[46]
Figure 7. Chemical structures of some common conducting polymers:(a) Polyacetylene; (b) Polypyrrole; (c) Polyaniline; (d) Polycarbazole; (e) Polythiophenes; (f) Poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene); (g) Polyphenylenes; (h) Poly(phenylene vinylene); (i) Polyfluorene[46]
图 9 ((a), (b))肾上腺素生物传感器的摄影图像/制备原理图[57]；(c)可用于检测H2O2的石墨烯-十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)薄膜柔性电化学传感器[59]
rGO—Reduced graphene oxide; PAB—p-aminobenzoic acid
Figure 9. ((a), (b)) Photographic image/preparation schematic diagram of adrenaline biosensor[57]; (c) Graphene-dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) thin film flexible electrochemical sensor for detecting H2O2[59]
图 10 (a)乳酸汗液传感器的摄影图像及制备原理图[63]；(b)漆酶固定化工艺示意图[64]
LOD—Lactate oxidase; PANHS—1-pyrenebutyric acid-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester; GO—Graphene oxide; GA—Glutaraldehyde; Lac—Laccase; PANI—Polyaniline
Figure 10. (a) Photographic images and preparation schematicdiagram of lactate sweat sensor[63]; (b) Schematic of laccaseimmobilization process[64]
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