Effect of interfacial agents on the mechanical properties of the interface between full lightweight ceramsite concrete and ordinary concrete
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摘要: 制备了5种粘结界面的全轻陶粒混凝土与普通混凝土粘结试件，通过劈裂抗拉、剪切和弯曲等力学试验及SEM测试，探究界面剂对全轻陶粒混凝土与普通混凝土粘结界面力学性能的影响。力学试验结果表明：涂抹界面剂可有效改善界面区结构，大幅提高界面力学性能；环氧树脂界面剂是改善界面劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度的最优界面剂，强度值分别可提升56.5%和38.3%；聚合物类胶浆界面剂对界面抗剪强度的提升效果最为明显，可提升71.2%；涂抹水泥净浆界面的力学性能也能满足行业标准要求，硅灰水泥净浆作为界面剂较水泥净浆更优；界面剂对力学指标的影响程度从强到弱依次为劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度和抗剪强度。建立了以全轻陶粒混凝土力学指标为基础、考虑界面剂影响的新老混凝土界面力学强度计算公式。SEM测试从微观层面较好地解释了力学性能测试结论：涂抹界面剂能减小新老混凝土间的微观裂缝宽度，以环氧树脂界面剂和聚合物类胶浆的效果较明显；涂抹界面剂可有效降低界面过渡区的孔隙率，孔隙率下降幅度为46.44%~60.81%。研究结论对混凝土结构加固界面处理具有参考价值。Abstract: Five types of full lightweight ceramsite concrete and ordinary concrete composite specimens with different interfacial agents were produced. Moreover, mechanical tests (splitting tensile, shear and bending tests) and SEM tests were performed to investigate the effect of interfacial agents on the mechanical properties of the interface between full lightweight ceramsite concrete and ordinary concrete. The mechanical test results show that firstly, the applying interfacial agent can effectively improve the structure of the interfacial zone and substantially enhance the mechanical properties of the interface. For interfacial splitting tensile strength and flexural strength, epoxy resin is the optimal interfacial agent and the strength values will be increased by 56.5% and 38.3%, respectively. The polymer mortar has the most significant effect on the improvement of interfacial shear strength, which can be improved by 71.2%. The mechanical properties of the interface coated with cement paste can also meet the requirements of industry standards. As an interfacial agent, cement paste containing silica fume is superior to cement mortar. Secondly, the influence degree of interface agent on mechanical indexes from strong to weak is splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and shear strength. Thirdly, based on the mechanical indexes of full lightweight ceramsite concrete, a formula for calculating the mechanical strength of the interface between old and new concrete considering the influence of interfacial agents was established. Finally, SEM testing provides a good explanation of the conclusions of mechanical performance testing at the micro level. The use of interfacial agent can reduce the microcrack width between new and old concrete. Among them, the effect of epoxy resin interfacial agent and polymer mortar is more obvious. Besides, it can effectively reduce the porosity of the interfacial transition zone, with a decrease of 46.44%-60.81%. The research conclusions have reference value for the interface treatment of concrete structure reinforcement.
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图 1 全轻陶粒混凝土和普通混凝土骨料的颗粒级配曲线
Figure 1. Gradation curves of full lightweight ceramsite concrete and ordinary concrete aggregate
图 2 全轻陶粒混凝土-普通混凝土复合试样设计
Figure 2. Design of full lightweight ceramsite concrete-ordinary concrete composite specimens
图 5 劈裂拉伸试验中全轻陶粒混凝土-普通混凝土界面破坏形态
Figure 5. Failure mode of interface between full lightweight ceramsite concrete and ordinary concrete in splitting tensile test
图 6 界面剂对全轻陶粒混凝土-普通混凝土界面力学性能的影响
Figure 6. Effect of interfacial agents on the mechanical properties of the interface between full lightweight ceramsite concrete and ordinary concrete
图 7 新老混凝土试样与复合试样的力学性能对比
Figure 7. Comparison of mechanical properties of new and old concrete specimens with composite specimens
图 8 全轻陶粒混凝土-普通混凝土界面的微观结构
Figure 8. Microstructure of interface between full lightweight ceramsite concrete and ordinary concrete
图 9 全轻陶粒混凝土-普通混凝土界面过渡区的微观结构
Figure 9. Microstructure of interface transition zone between full lightweight ceramsite concrete and ordinary concrete
图 10 界面剂对全轻陶粒混凝土-普通混凝土界面过渡区孔隙率的影响
Figure 10. Effect of interfacial agent on porosity of interfacial transition zone between full lightweight ceramsite concrete and ordinary concrete
表 1 混凝土配合比 (kg/m3)
Table 1. Proportion of concrete (kg/m3)
Concrete type Crushed stone Ceramsite River sand Ceramsite sand Cement Water Water reducing agent Ordinary concrete 1251 — 512 — 461 175 — Full lightweight ceramsite concrete — 620 — 600 550 154 5.1 
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表 2 混凝土28天基本力学指标 (MPa)
Table 2. Basic mechanical parameters of concrete at 28 days (MPa)
Concrete type Compressive strength Splitting tensile strength Shear strength Flexural strength Ordinary concrete 34.80 3.26 3.67 4.39 Full lightweight ceramsite concrete 53.66 3.20 2.10 4.83
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表 3 硅灰技术指标
Table 3. Technical index of silica fume
Component Content/% Color Grain size/μm Volume weight/(kg·m−3) Specific surface area/(g·m−2) Silicon dioxide 96.74 Grey 0.1-0.3 1600-1700 20-28
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表 4 聚合物与环氧树脂界面剂技术指标
Table 4. Technical index of polymer and epoxy resin
Type of interface agent State Main chemical Shear bond strength/MPa Tensile bond strength/MPa Solidification time/d Polymer Liquid Butadiene and styrene 1.5 1.0 1 Epoxy resin Liquid Epoxy resin 1.6 0.8 2
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表 5 试件分组及实测强度值
Table 5. Grouping and measured strength values of specimens
Specimen Type of sample Size of specimen/
(mm×mm×mm)Type of interfacial agent Measured strength value/MPa Purpose Parameter Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Average O-T Monolithic
concrete
specimen150×150×150 No interfacial agent Splitting tensile strength 3.56 3.42 3.76 3.58 As a control group O-S 150×150×150 Shear strength 4.10 3.96 4.06 4.04 O-F 100×100×400 Flexural strength 4.72 4.90 4.93 4.85 FO-0-T Composite specimen 150×150×150 No interfacial agent Splitting tensile strength 1.86 1.83 1.82 1.84 They were used to study the effect of interfacial agent on tensile strength of the interface. FO-1-T Cement paste 2.68 2.60 2.70 2.66 FO-2-T Cement slurry containing silica fume 2.70 2.71 2.71 2.70 FO-3-T Polymer 2.74 2.77 2.76 2.76 FO-4-T Epoxy resin 2.88 2.90 2.87 2.88 FO-0-S Composite specimen 150×150×150 No interfacial agent Shear strength 1.17 1.15 1.01 1.11 They were used to study the effect of interfacial agent on shear strength of the interface. FO-1-S Cement paste 1.74 1.70 1.51 1.65 FO-2-S Cement slurry containing silica fume 1.79 1.75 1.98 1.84 FO-3-S Polymer 1.92 1.85 1.93 1.90 FO-4-S Epoxy resin 1.77 1.79 1.93 1.83 FO-0-F Composite specimen 100×100×400 No interfacial agent Flexural strength 2.32 2.59 2.53 2.48 They were used to study the effect of interfacial agent on the flexural strength of the interface. FO-1-F Cement paste 3.21 3.22 3.05 3.16 FO-2-F Cement slurry containing silica fume 3.14 3.40 3.14 3.24 FO-3-F Polymer 3.41 3.35 3.26 3.34 FO-4-F Epoxy resin 3.37 3.43 3.49 3.43 Notes: The numbering rules of the specimens: "O" represented the monolithic ordinary concrete specimen (The specimens were formed at one time and the curing age was 118 days); "FO" represented the full lightweight ceramsite concrete-ordinary concrete composite specimen (They were made of full lightweight ceramsite concrete bonded to C30 ordinary concrete through various interface agents. They were casted in two times); "0" meant the interface was not coated with any interfacial agents; "1" meant that the interface was coated with cement paste; "2" meant the interface was coated with cement slurry containing silica fume; "3" meant that the interface was coated with polymer; "4" meant that the interface was coated with epoxy resin; "T" represented splitting tensile strength; "S" represented shear strength; "F" represented flexural strength.
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表 6 计算参数与计算公式
Table 6. Calculation parameters and calculation formula
Calculation parameter Calculation formula Level number of influencing factors m Sum of the number of tests at all levels n Number of tests at j level nj, j=1, 2···m With groups mean $ \overline{{x}_{j}}=\dfrac{\displaystyle\sum\nolimits _{i=1}^{{n}_{j}}{x}_{ij}}{{n}_{j}} $, j=1, 2···m Grand mean $ \overline{x}=\dfrac{\displaystyle\sum\nolimits _{j=1}^{m}{\displaystyle\sum\nolimits }_{i=1}^{{n}_{j}}{x}_{ij}}{n} $ Within-group sum of squares $ {S}_{\text{SE}}=\displaystyle\sum _{j=1}^{m}\left[\displaystyle\sum _{i=1}^{{n}_{j}}{\left({x}_{ij}-\overline{{x}_{j}}\right)}^{2}\right] $ Sum of squares of deviations between groups $ {S}_{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{A}}=\displaystyle\sum _{j=1}^{m}{n}_{j}{\left(\overline{{x}_{j}}-\overline{x}\right)}^{2} $ Freedom of within-group sum of squares n−m Freedom of sum of squares of deviations between groups m−1 Within-group mean square deviation $ {M}_{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{E}}=\dfrac{{S}_{\text{SE}}}{n-m} $ Mean square deviation between groups $ {M}_{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{A}}=\dfrac{{S}_{\text{SA}}}{m-1} $ F value $ F=\dfrac{{M}_{\text{SA}}}{{M}_{\text{SE}}} $ If F≥F0.025 (m−1, n−m) Extremely significant effect If F0.025 (m−1, n−m)＞F≥F0.05 (m−1, n−m) Significant effect If F0.05 (m−1, n−m)＞F≥F0.10 (m−1, n−m) Little effect If F≤F0.10 (m−1, n−m) Very little effect Note: F—Statistics of test.
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表 7 界面剂的影响系数取值
Table 7. Value of the influence factors of interfacial agent
Type of interfacial agent $ {\alpha }_{1} $ $ {\alpha }_{2} $ $ {\alpha }_{3} $ No interfacial agent 0.562 0.529 0.513 Cement paste 0.831 0.786 0.654 Cement slurry containing silica fume 0.847 0.876 0.669 Polymer 0.863 0.905 0.692 Epoxy resin 0.900 0.871 0.710 Note: α1，α2，α3—Influence coefficient of interfacial agent on splitting tensile, shear and flexural strength.
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