静电纺纳米纤维表面形貌的制备及其生物医学应用

文美玲; 高翔; 刘阳; 安美文

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20231031.001

静电纺纳米纤维表面形貌的制备及其生物医学应用

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20231031.001

文美玲^{1, 2},
高翔¹,
刘阳^{1, 2},
安美文^{1, 2, ,}

1.
太原理工大学　生物医学工程学院，生物医学工程研究所，材料强度与结构冲击山西省重点实验室，太原 030024
2.
太原理工大学　生物医学工程学院，纳米生物材料与再生医学研究中心，太原 030024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (12272251；12002232)；山西省基础研究计划-青年科学研究项目(202103021223100)

详细信息

通讯作者:
安美文，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为生物力学　E-mail: meiwen_an@163.com

中图分类号: TB332
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- 文章访问数: 400
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-29
- 修回日期: 2023-10-19
- 录用日期: 2023-10-21
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-31
- 刊出日期: 2024-05-15

Preparation of surface morphology of electrospun nanofibers and their biomedical applications

WEN Meiling^{1, 2},
GAO Xiang¹,
LIU Yang^{1, 2},
AN Meiwen^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2.
Research Center for Nanobiomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (12272251; 12002232); Shanxi Basic Research Plan-Youth Scientific Research Project (202103021223100)

摘要

摘要: 通过模仿天然细胞外基质的成分和结构特性对材料表面形貌进行设计与调控，可获得新型仿生材料，并广泛应用于生物医学领域。其中，静电纺纳米纤维通过调控孔隙率、比表面积及微纳米结构等，可以模拟天然细胞外基质的结构，实现其生物功能。本文将提供不同表面形貌电纺纤维的概述。首先介绍静电纺丝的原理、设备和参数，然后讨论电纺纤维的4种表面形貌：纳米孔、串晶、沟槽和皱缩结构的制备原理、方法及在生物医学领域的应用，并对该领域相关研究和研究现状进行评价。
- 静电纺丝 /
- 纤维 /
- 材料表面形貌 /
- 生物医学应用 /
- 组织工程
Abstract: By emulating the composition and structural features of the natural extracellular matrix, the design and regulation of material surface morphologies can yield novel biomimetic materials that find extensive applications in the field of biomedical science. Among these, electrospun nanofibers, by manipulating parameters like porosity, surface area, and micro/nanoarchitecture, can replicate the structure of the native extracellular matrix, thus achieving corresponding biological functionalities. This article offers an overview of various surface morphologies of electrospun fibers. It begins by outlining the principles, equipment, and parameters of electrospinning, and subsequently delves into the preparation principles and methods of four types of surface morphologies of electrospun fibers: Nanopores, crystal arrays, grooves, and wrinkled structures. It explores their applications in the biomedical field, evaluates pertinent research, and provides an up-to-date assessment of the most relevant studies in this domain.
- electrospun /
- fiber /
- material surface morphology /
- biomedical applications /
- tissue engineering

HTML全文

图 1 (a)典型的垂直设置静电纺丝设备^[7]；(b)静电纺丝射流的路径^[3]

Figure 1. (a) Typical vertical setup of electrospinning apparatus^[7]; (b) Path of an electrospun jet^[3]

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图 2 以二氯甲烷(DCM)为溶剂的多孔聚乳酸(PLA)电纺纤维的SEM图像^[35]

Figure 2. SEM images of porous PLA electrospun fibers with dichloromethane (DCM) as solvent^[35]

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图 3 (a) Breath figure机制引起的表面孔隙形成示意图和 PLA纤维SEM图像^[37]；(b)非溶剂诱导相分离(NIPS)引起表面孔的示意图^[37]和聚氰基丙烯酸乙酯(PECA)-聚己内酯(PCL)纤维SEM图像^[42]；(c) NIPS引起内部孔的示意图和 PLA纤维SEM图像^[37]；(d)蒸汽诱导相分离(VIPS)引起的孔隙示意图和聚苯乙烯(PS)纤维SEM图像^[46]

Figure 3. (a) Schematic diagram of surface pore formation due to Breath figure mechanism and SEM image of PLA fibers^[37]; (b) Schematic diagram of surface pores due to nonsolventinduce phase separation (NIPS)^[37] and SEM image of poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) (PECA)-polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers^[42]; (c) Schematic diagram of internal pores due to NIPS and SEM image of PLA fibers^[37]; (d) Schematic diagram of porosity due to vapour induced phase separation (VIPS) and SEM images of polystyrene (PS) fibers^[46]

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图 4 (a)直径和纤维取向影响串晶方向的示意图^[50]；(b) PCL纳米纤维在1%PCL/乙酸戊酯中孵育5、15、30和60 min的SEM图像^[52];(c) 聚乳酸(PLA)-N5-P和 PLA-N10-P 样品的表面形貌和相图^[53]

PLA-N5-P, PLA-N10-P—Poly(lactic acid) nanofibers modified in 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for 5 min and 10 min, respectively, then immersed in aqueous polycaprolactone acetate solution for 30 min

Figure 4. (a) Schematic diagram of diameter and fiber orientation affect the orientation of the clusters^[50]; (b) SEM images of PCL nanofibers incubated in 1%PCL/pentyl acetate for 5, 15, 30 and 60 min^[52]; (c) Surface morphology and phase diagrams of PLA-N5-P and PLA-N10-P samples^[53]

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图 5 (a) 孔洞伸长法形成沟槽纤维机制示意图^[66]和15wt%左旋聚乳酸 (PLLA) (DCM/N, N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)体积比为3∶1)沟槽纤维SEM图像^[63]；(b) 皱缩伸长法形成沟槽纤维机制示意图^[66]和30wt%醋酸丁酸纤维素 (CAB) (丙酮/二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)体积比为2∶1)沟槽纤维SEM图像^[61]；(c) 塌陷喷射伸长法形成沟槽纤维机制示意图^[66]和15wt%PS (DCM/DMF体积比为1∶1)沟槽纤维SEM图像；(d) 选择性溶解法形成沟槽纤维机制示意图和PCL光滑纤维(PCL/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)体积比为1∶2、1∶1)沟槽纤维SEM图像^[64]

Figure 5. (a) Schematic diagram of groove fiber formation mechanism by hole elongation^[66] and 15wt% PLLA (Volume ratio of DCM/N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is 3∶1) groove fiber electron microscopy^[63]; (b) Schematic diagram of groove fiber formation mechanism by crinkle elongation^[66] and 30wt% CAB (Volume ratio of acetone/dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is 2∶1) groove fiber electron microscopy^[61]; (c) Schematic diagram of groove fiber formation mechanism by collapse injection elongation^[66] and 15wt% PS (Volume ratio of DCM/DMF is 1∶1) groove fiber electron micrographs; (d) Schematic diagram of groove fiber formation mechanism by selective dissolution and PCL smooth fiber (Volume ratio of PCL/PVP is 1∶2, 1∶1) groove fiber electron micrographs^[64]

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图 6 (a)皱缩纤维形成机制示意图^[17]；(b)分子量为180×10³的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)皱缩纤维电镜图^[17]；(c) 30wt%PS/DMF溶液在相对湿度为15%时的静电纺纳米纤维电镜图^[72]；(d) 20%聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/四氢呋喃(THF)溶液在电压为12 kV时的静电纺纳米纤维^[73]

Figure 6. (a) Schematic diagram of crinkle fiber formation mechanism^[17]; (b) Electron micrograph of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) crinkle fiber with molecular weight of 180×10^3[17]; (c) Electron micrograph of electrostatically spun nanofibers with 30wt%PS/DMF solution at 15% relative humidity^[72]; (d) Electrostatically spun nanofibers with 20% polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution at a voltage of 12 kV^[73]

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图 7 不同形貌电纺纳米纤维的应用示意图^[79-81]

NSCs—Neural stem cells

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the application of electrostatically spun nanofibers with different morphologies^[79-81]

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图 8 (a)同轴多孔纳米纤维PPR1、PPR2和PPR3及单轴纳米纤维PR1、PR2的药物释放曲线^[82]；(b)在37℃ 磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中多孔微纤维、非多孔微纤维和非多孔纳米纤维的累积药物释放特征^[81]；(c)负载小分子螺内酯(SPL)的PCL纳米纤维的体外药物释放情况^[84]

PPR1, PPR2 and PPR3—Roxithromycin loaded PCL/PLA nanofibers with various solvent types; PR1, PR2—Roxithromycin loaded PCL nanofibers with different solvents; PCL-SPL-0, PCL-SPL-6, PCL-SPL-48 and PCL-SPL-72—Annealing time of 0, 6, 48, 72 h, respectively; CAM—Chloramphenicol; PCL—Polycaprolactone; THF—Tetrahydrofurane; DMSO—Dimethylsulfoxide; AA—Acetic acid; FA—Formic acid

Figure 8. (a) Drug release profiles of porous coaxial nanofibers PPR1, PPR2 and PPR3 and uniaxial nanofibers PR1 and PR2^[82]; (b) Cumulative drug release characteristics of porous microfibers, non-porous microfibers and non-porous nanofibers in phosphate buffer (PBS) at 37℃^[81]; (c) In vitro drug release from polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers loaded with small-molecule spironolactone (SPL)^[84]

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图 9 (a)串晶结构纤维上人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs) 的细胞形貌；(b)单个细胞的迁移速度^[92]；(c)鸡胚背根神经节小体(DRG) 的神经突生长；(d)施旺细胞在不同组的迁移距离：(A)光滑PCL微纤维；(B~E)具有纳米级沟槽的微纤维；(F)具有纳米孔的微纤维^[64]

SK0—Samples of PCL nanofibers treated with pure acrtic acid/deionized water; SK05, SK10 and SK50—Sample with PCL concentrations set to 0.05wt%, 0.10wt%, 0.50wt%; *—Significance level p<0.05; **—p<0.01; ***—p<0.001

Figure 9. (a) Cellular morphology of human umbilic vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on string-crystal structured fibers; (b) Migration velocity of individual cells^[92]; (c) Neurite growth of chick embryonic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) vesicles; (d) Migration distance of Schwann cells in different groups: (A) Smooth PCL microfibers; (B-E) Microfibers with nanoscale grooves; (F) Microfibers with nanopores^[64]

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表 1 静电纺纳米纤维的表面形貌、材料、优缺点和应用总结

Table 1. Summary of surface morphology, materials, advantages and disadvantages and applications of electrospun nanofibers

Material surface morphology	Material	Application	Advantage and disadvantage	Ref.
Nanopores	PLA	Oil/water separation, antibacterial	Advantages: The process is facile cost-effective, increase in surface area and porosity; Disadvantages: Limited to specific polymers and solvent, uncontrollable nanopores size	[34, 37, 97]
	PLLA	Tissue engineering		[35]
	PDLLA	Tissue engineering		[36]
	PVDF	Electrodes materials		[40]
	SA/PEG/PLA	Drug release, wound-healing		[41]
	PLA	Tissue engineering, antibacterial		[44, 96]
	Ipp	Tissue engineering		[48]
	PECA/PCL	Environmental and energy related applications		[49]
	PS	Oil/water separation		[78]
	PCL	Drug release, tissue engineering		[81]
	PCL/PLA	Drug release, antibacterial		[82]
	PLGA	Tissue engineering		[87]
	CA	Antibacterial, wound-healing		[95]
Crystal arrays	PCL	Drug release	Advantages: Increase in surface area, high roughness, simple process, easily functionalized; Disadvantages: Unclear molding mechanism	[84, 89, 91, 92, 93]
	PCL/CS	Tissue engineering		[88]
	PCL/nHA	Tissue engineering		[90]
	PCL/PVA	Drug release, tissue engineering		[85]
Grooves	CAB	Tissue engineering	Advantages: Increase in surface area, high roughness; Disadvantages: Limited to specific polymers and solvent	[61]
	PCL/PVP	Tissue engineering, antibacterial		[64, 99]
	PLLA	Tissue engineering		[98]
	PVA/PAN	Tissue engineering		[68]
	PS	Tissue engineering		[66]
Wrinkled	PVDF	Energy harvesting, oil/water separation	Advantages: Increase in surface area, good mechanical properties, high roughness; Disadvantages: Limited to specific polymers and solvent, complex operation	[19, 20]
	PMMA	Tissue engineering		[69]
	PS	Tissue engineering		[72]
	PLA	Tissue engineering		[34]
	CA	Tissue engineering		[70]
	Ipp	Tissue engineering		[71]
	PCL/PEO	Drug release		[83]
Notes: PLA—Polylactic acid; PLLA—Poly(L-lactic acid); PDLLA—Poly(D, L-lactide); PVDF—Polyvinylidene difluoride; SA—Salicylic acid; PEG—Poly(ethylene glycol); Ipp—Isotactic polypropylene; PECA—Poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate); PCL—Polycaprolactone; PS—Polystyrene; PLGA—Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); CA—Cellulose acetate; CS—Chitosan; HA—Hualuronic acid; PVA—Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); CAB—Cellulose acetate butyrate; PVP—Polyvinyl pyrrolidone; PAN—Polyacrylonitrile; PMMA—Polymethyl methacrylate; PEO—Polyethylene oxide.

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