Research progress of preparation of Janus micro/nano fibers prepared by electrospinning
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摘要: 为进一步深入研究静电纺丝技术及Janus微纳米纤维的可控制备，使具有非均质结构特点的Janus纤维材料在多功能复合材料领域得到更广泛的应用。近年来，随着静电纺丝技术的不断发展，Janus纤维的纺制工艺逐渐从纺丝装置拓展、纺丝参数优化以提高纤维并行率，逐渐向纤维形貌多样化、结构多级化及组成多相化的导向性设计方向发展，以推动Janus纤维在多功能复合材料领域的快速发展。本文综述了基于静电纺丝技术所制备的并轴及同轴结构的Janus微纳米纤维，比较说明了不同结构Janus微纳米纤维的制备方法、形成机制及结构调控等方面的研究进展及成果，并进一步表明了静电纺丝技术在实现Janus纤维微纳米尺度导向性结构控制方面具有广泛的应用潜力。Abstract: In order to further study the electrospinning technology and the controllable preparation of Janus micro/ nano fibers, Janus fibers materials with heterogeneous structure characteristics have been more widely used in the field of multi-functional materials. In recent years, with the continuous development of electrospinning technology, the spinning process of Janus fiber has gradually expanded from spinning device, spinning parameter optimization to improve fiber parallelism rate, and gradually developed to the guided design direction of fiber morphology diversification, structure multiphase and composition multiphase, in order to promote the rapid development of Janus fiber in the field of multi-functional materials. In this paper, the co-axial and coaxial-structure Janus micro/nano fibers prepared by electrospinning technology and other fiber structures derived from them are reviewed. The research progress and achievements in the preparation methods, formation mechanism and structural regulation of Janus fibers with different morphologies and structures are compared. It is further demonstrated that electrospinning technology has wide application potential in realizing micro- and nano-scale oriented structure control of Janus fibers.
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Key words:
- electrospinning /
- Janus fibers /
- fiber structure /
- mechanism /
- electrospinning device
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图 1 (a) 静电纺丝技术的发展[9, 18-22]；(b) 静电纺丝技术制备Janus纤维的发展[31-33, 39, 48, 58, 61]
Fg—Gravity; Ff—Air resistance; Fσ—Surface tension; Fμ—Viscoelasticity; FΔ—Coulomb combined force; V—Voltage
Figure 1. (a) Development of electrospinning technology[9, 18-22]; (b) Development of Janus fibers preparation by electrospinning technology[31-33, 39, 48, 58, 61]
图 2 ((a)~(f))复合Taylor锥及Janus纤维形成机制；((g), (h))反转电场纺丝法装置示意图及Janus纤维SEM图像；((i)~(k))共轭电纺法装置示意图及Janus纤维SEM图像
PVP—Polyvinyl pyrrolidone; Fγ—Molecular force; Fe, F'e—Intermolecular repulsion; F'c—Charge repulsion; F'μ—Adhesion between spinning fluids; Fc—Electrostatic repulsive force; PMMA—Polymethyl methacrylate; PANI—Polyaniline; Tb(TTA)3(TTPO)2—Terbium complex; TPU—Thermoplastic polyurethane; PLGA—Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
Figure 2. ((a)-(f)) Formation mechanism diagram of composite Taylor cone and Janus fibers; ((g), (h)) Schematic illustrations of reverse electric field electrospinning device and SEM image of Janus fibers; ((i)-(k)) Schematic illustrations of conjugate electrospinning device and SEM images of Janus fibers
图 3 ((a), (b)) 热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)//聚酰亚胺(PI) Janus螺旋纤维SEM图像及荧光照片[47]；(c) 双喷头纺丝法装置示意图；(d) 热塑性聚酯弹性体(HSPET)//聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT) Janus螺旋纤维SEM图像[49]
Figure 3. ((a), (b)) SEM and fluorescence images of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)//polyimide (PI) Janus helical fibers[47]; (c) Schematic illustrations of two-spinneret electrospinning device; (d) SEM image of thermoplastic polyester elastomer (HSPET)//polyethylene terephthalate (PTT) Janus helical fibers[49]
图 4 (a) 偏轴共纺法装置示意图及[肉桂酸(FA)/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)]//[FA/玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)] Janus纤维TEM图像[51]；(b) 单轴电纺法装置示意图及聚己内酯(PCL)//[纳米Ag粒子(AgNP)/PVP] Janus纤维TEM图像[52]
Figure 4. (a) Schematic illustrations of off-axisl electrospinning device and TEM image of [cinnamic acid (FA)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)]//[FA/zein] Janus nanofibers[51]; (b) Schematic illustrations of single-axis electrospinning device and TEM image of polycaprolactone (PCL)//[Ag nanoparticles (AgNP)/PVP] Janus nanofibers[52]
图 5 (a) Janus带状纤维形成机制；(b) [铽有机配合物(Tb(BA)3phen)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)]//[聚苯胺(PANI)/Fe3O4/PMMA] Janus纤维光学显微镜图像[57]
NPs—Nanoparticles
Figure 5. (a) Formation mechanism diagram of Janus ribbon fibers; (b) Optical microscope image of [terbium complexes (Tb(BA)3phen)/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)]//[polyaniline (PANI)/Fe3O4/PMMA] Janus fibers[57]
图 6 ((a), (b)) [聚环氧乙烷(PEO)/PCL]//PCL Janus纤维SEM及荧光照片[59]；((c), (d)) 聚乳酸(PLA)//聚乙烯醇(PVA) Janus纤维SEM及荧光照片[61]
Figure 6. ((a), (b)) SEM and fluorescence images of [polyethylene oxide (PEO)/PCL]//PCL Janus fibers[59]; ((c), (d)) SEM and fluorescence images of polylactic acid (PLA)//polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Janus fibers[61]
图 8 不同Janus纤维形成机制图
CA—Celluloes acetate; SDS—Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Figure 8. Formation mechanism diagram of different Janus fibers
图 9 (a) Janus膜结构示意图； ((b~(e)) 不同结构Janus膜SEM图像及光学显微镜图像
PNM—Polyacrylonitrile fiber membrane; CNT—Carbon nanotubes; MCP—Modified polyurethane composite nanofiber membrane; MP—Coated polyurethane composite nanofiber membrane; Tb(BA)3phen—Terbium complex
Figure 9. (a) Schematic diagram of Janus membrane structure; ((b)-(e)) SEM and optical microscope images of different structures of Janus membrane
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