Research progress of cellulose nanofibers based electromagnetic shielding materials
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摘要: 纤维素纳米纤维 (CNFs) 作为一种新型的一维纳米材料，具有来源广泛、长径比高、力学性能优异等特点。以CNFs为载体或增强相通过不同的方法可以制备出多种多样的电磁屏蔽功能复合材料，如气凝胶、薄膜和海绵等。本文基于电磁屏蔽的原理，综述了CNFs基电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法及研究进展，并比较了不同的CNFs基电磁屏蔽材料在结构和性能上的差异，最后对CNFs基电磁屏蔽功能复合材料未来的发展方向进行了展望。Abstract: Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), a new type of one-dimensional nanomaterials, have the characteristics of wide sources, high aspect ratio and excellent mechanical properties. A variety of electromagnetic shielding composite materials, such as aerogels, films and sponges, can be prepared by using CNFs as the carrier or reinforcement phase through different methods. In this paper, based on the principle of electromagnetic shielding, the preparation methods and the research progress of different CNFs-based electromagnetic shielding composites are reviewed, and the differences in the structure and performances of different CNFs-based electromagnetic shielding materials are compared. Finally, the research trends and application prospects of CNFs-based electromagnetic shielding functional composites are prospected.
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图 3 真空辅助自组装制备的薄柔性碳纳米管(CNT)/MXene/CNFs复合纸的电磁屏蔽机制及性能[20]
Figure 3. Electromagnetic shielding mechanism and performance of thin flexible carbon nanotubes (CNT)/MXene/CNFs composite paper prepared by vacuum assisted self-assembly[20]
rGO—Reduced graphene oxide; SSE—Normalized ratio of shielding effectiveness; t—Thickness
图 4 冷冻干燥法制备的CNFs/Ag NWs气凝胶的电磁屏蔽机制及性能[44]
Figure 4. Electromagnetic shielding mechanism and performance of CNFs/Ag NWs aerogel prepared by vacuum assisted self-assembly[44]
Ag NW—Ag nanowires; PDMS—Polydimethylsiloxane; SWCNT—Single-walled carbon nanotube; MWCNT—Multi-walled carbon nanotube; PS—Polystyrene; PU—Polyurethane; PEI—Polyethyleneimine; SE—Shielding effectiveness; SSE/d—SE divided by density and thickness of materials; EMI—Electromagnetic interference; Pin—Incident power; Pref—Reflected power; Pout—Transmitted power; PVP—Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone
图 6 Co/C@CNFs气凝胶和CNFs/Ag NWs@Fe3O4复合海绵的制备、电磁屏蔽机制及性能[51-52]
Figure 6. Preparation, shielding mechanism and performance of Co/C@CNF aerogel and CNF/Ag NWs@Fe3O4 composite sponges[51-52]
SET—Total shielding effectiveness; SER—Shielding effectiveness induced by reflection loss; SEA—Shielding effectiveness induced by absorption loss
表 1 金属或金属氧化物/CNFs基电磁屏蔽材料的类型、厚度、电磁屏蔽效能及适用频率
Table 1. Types, thickness, shielding effectiveness and frequency range of metal or metal oxide/CNFs based electromagnetic shielding materials
Type Thickness/mm Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness/dB Frequency Ref. CNF/MXene/FeCo 0.34 58.0 8-12 GHz [53] LM/CNF 0.3 65.0 4-18 GHz [54] CoNi@C-Ag NWs/CNF — 82.0 8-12 GHz [55] Fe3O4@rGO/CNF — 23.0 8-12 GHz [56] CNF/MXene@Ga — 52.8 8.2-12.4 GHz [57] CNF/TRGO@Ni 0.015-0.02 32.2 8-12 GHz [58] CoFe2O4@MXene-Ag NWs/CNF 0.1 70.9 8.2-12.4 GHz [59] CNF/Ag NW conductive paper 0.04 39.3 8.2-12.4 GHz [60] CNFs/Ag NWs sponges — 81.2 8.2-12.4 GHz [61] CNF/Ag NWs hybrid aerogels — 70.0 8.2-12.4 GHz [44] Ag@PDA@CNFs 3.2 120.85 10-1500 MHz [45] CNFs@PDA@Ag NPs — 93.8 8.2-12.4 GHz [46] CNF-MXene/Ag NWs 0.033 54.1 8.2-12.4 GHz [62] CNF@MXene@Ag NW 0.035 55.9 8.2-12.4 GHz [63] CNF/MXene-Ag NWs — 61.9 8.2-12.4 GHz [64] Notes: LM—Liquid metal；TRGO—Thermal reduction of graphene oxide; AgNPs—Silver nanoparticles. 
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表 2 碳材料/纤维素纳米纤维基电磁屏蔽材料的类型、厚度、电磁屏蔽效能及适用频率
Table 2. Types, thickness, shielding effectiveness and frequency range of carbon/CNFs based electromagnetic shielding materials
Type Thickness/mm Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness/dB Frequency Ref. CNT-CNF bulk materials (CCNBs) 0.2 40.0 8.2-12.4 GHz [65] CNF@GNS — 27.4 8.2-12.4 GHz [66] CNF/SBC 3 70.0 0.4-2.0 THz [67] CNF/MWCNT 0.15 45.8 8.2-12.4 GHz [68] rGO/CNF 23 26.2 8.2-12.4 GHz [69] TOCNFs/CNT/Ti3C2Tx 0.012 20.5 8.2-12.4 GHz [21] CNF/MXene/MCHS 0.05 41.7 8.2-12.4 GHz [70] Notes: GNS—Graphene nanosheets; SBC—Sustainable biocarbon; TOCNFs—Oxidized CNFs; MCHS—Mesoporous carbon hollow spheres.
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表 3 聚合物/CNFs基电磁屏蔽材料的类型、厚度、电磁屏蔽效能及适用频率
Table 3. Types, thickness, shielding effectiveness and frequency range of polymer/CNFs based electromagnetic shielding materials
Type Thickness/mm Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness/dB Frequency Ref. PANI/CNF 1 23.0 8.2-12.4 GHz [50] PPy/PVA-CNP 0.138 23.0 8.2-12.4 GHz [71] PANI/CNF — 32.0 8.2-12.4 GHz [72] Ag@PDA@CNFs 3.2 120.85 10-1500 MHz [45] CNFs@PDA@AgNPs — 93.8 8.2-12.4 GHz [46] CNF/PANI 0.28 25.2 8.2-12.4 GHz [73] Notes: PANI—Polyaniline; PPy—Polypyrrole; PVA—Polyvinyl alcohol; CNP—Cellulose nanopaper.
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表 4 MXene/CNFs基电磁屏蔽材料的类型、厚度、电磁屏蔽效能及适用频率
Table 4. Types, thickness, shielding effectiveness and frequency range of MXene/CNFs based electromagnetic shielding materials
Type Thickness Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness/dB Frequency/GHz Ref. Ti3C2Tx/TOCNF 0.038 mm 39.6 8.2-12.4 [75] Silicone-MXene/CNF — 39.5 8.2-12.4 [43] PC-MXene 0.9 μm 33.3 8.2-12.4 [76] CNF/MXene/MCHS 0.05 mm 41.7 8.2-12.4 [69] CNF/BNNS/MXene — 60.7 8.2-12.4 [41] TM/BC — 60.0 8.2-12.4 [47] CNF@MXene films 0.035 mm 40.0 8.2-12.4 [40] CNF@MXene@Ag NW 0.035 mm 55.9 8.2-12.4 [63] CNF/MXene-Ag NWs — 61.9 8.2-12.4 [64] CNF/MXene composites — 39.0 8.2-12.4 [77] DM@CNF — 41.9 8.2-12.4 [78] CNF/MXene composite film 0.076 mm 54.68 8.2-12.4 [79] MXene/CNF composite film 0.02 mm 36.51 8.2-12.4 [80] MXene/CNF composite film — 50.2 8.2-12.4 [81] d-Ti3C2Tx/CNF 0.047 mm 25.8 8.2-12.4 [74] Notes: PC—Physical and chemical; BNNS—Boron nitride nanosheets; TM—Ti3C2Tx; BC—Bacterial cellulose; DM—Dopamine modified MXene.
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