Performance and mechanism of U(VI) removal from solution by pomegranate peel carbon supported CaTiO3 composites
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摘要: 当今社会能源短缺，核能发展迅速，为了实现绿色高效的能源利用目标，如何处理核能发展过程产生的含铀废物已成为日益突出的环境问题。本文首先采用溶剂热法制备CaTiO3材料，然后通过与石榴皮炭材料混合研磨合成炭材料负载CaTiO3 (C@CaTiO3)，采用现代表征技术分析C@CaTiO3与U(VI)反应前后形貌及物质组成变化。通过静态实验法研究了材料去除溶液中铀的性能。研究结果表明：在pH=3.5、U(VI)初始浓度为25 mg·L−1、反应时间40 min、温度为25℃的条件下，材料对U(VI)的去除率为96.26%，去除量为119.21 mg·g−1。通过吸附动力学模型、等温吸附模型和热力学模型，探究了C@CaTiO3与U(VI)的反应机制。结果表明：C@CaTiO3对U(VI)的吸附过程是自发进行的吸热反应，C@CaTiO3对溶液中U(VI)的去除存在吸附和还原两种方式，吸附为物理吸附和化学吸附并存、以表面单层化学吸附为主。还原以光催化还原作用为主。Abstract: In order to achieve the goal of green and efficient energy utilization, how to deal with uranium-containing waste generated during the development of nuclear energy has become an increasingly prominent environmental problem. The CaTiO3 materials were initially prepared using the solvent-thermal method. Subsequently, the carbon material was synthesized by grinding a mixture of CaTiO3 and pomegranate peel carbon material, resulting in the formation of carbon-loaded CaTiO3 (C@CaTiO3). Modern characterization techniques were employed to analyze the morphological and compositional changes of C@CaTiO3 before and after its reaction with U(VI). The performance of the material in removing uranium from the solution was evaluated using a static experimental method. The research findings revealed that, under the conditions of pH=3.5, an initial concentration of U(VI) of 25 mg·L−1, reaction time of 40 min, and temperature of 25℃, the material exhibited a U(VI) removal rate of 96.26% with a corresponding removal capacity of 119.21 mg·g−1. The reaction mechanism between C@CaTiO3 and U(VI) was investigated using adsorption kinetics models, isothermal adsorption models, and thermodynamic models. The results demonstrate that the adsorption process of U(VI) by C@CaTiO3 is a spontaneous endothermic reaction. The removal of U(VI) from the solution using C@CaTiO3 involved both adsorption and reduction, with physical and chemical adsorption coexisting and surface monolayer chemical adsorption being the predominant mechanism. Photocatalytic reduction played a major role in the reduction process.
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Key words:
- carbon material /
- CaTiO3 /
- composites /
- uranium /
- removal /
- adsorption
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图 1 CaTiO3 (a)、C (b)、C@CaTiO3 (c)、C@CaTiO3与U(VI)反应后(d)的SEM图像与EDS图像
Figure 1. SEM images and EDS images of CaTiO3 (a), C (b), C@CaTiO3 (c), C@CaTiO3 after the reaction with U(VI) (d)
图 2 C@CaTiO3与U(IV)反应前后的XPS图谱：(a) 全谱图；(b) Ca2p；(c) Ti2p；(d) C1s；(e) U4f
Figure 2. XPS spectra of C@CaTiO3 before and after reaction with U(IV): (a) Survey spectrum; (b) Ca2p; (c) Ti2p; (d) C1s; (e) U4f
Sat.—Satellite peak
图 3 炭材料负载量对C@CaTiO3去除U(VI)的影响
Figure 3. Effect of carbon material contents on the removal of U(VI) by C@CaTiO3
pH=4.0, the initial concentration of U(VI) C0=25 mg·L−1, C@CaTiO3 concentration m/V=0.2 g·L−1, time t=40 min, temperature T=25℃
图 4 不同pH值对C@CaTiO3去除U(VI)的影响
Figure 4. Effect of different pH on the removal of U(VI) by C@CaTiO3
C0=25 mg·L−1, m/V =0.2 g·L−1, t=40 min, T=25℃
图 6 不同温度和不同时间对C@CaTiO3去除U(VI)的影响(a)、准一级(b)和准二级(c)动力学模拟曲线
Qt—Adsorption capacity at an time point; Qe—Equilibrium adsorption capacity (pH=3.5, C0=25 mg·L−1, m/V=0.2 g·L−1, t=5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100、120 min, T=293, 298, 303, 308 K)
Figure 6. Effect of different temperatures and different time on the removal efficiency of U(VI) by C@CaTiO3 (a), quasi-first-order (b) and quasi-second-order (c) kinetic simulation curves
图 7 C@CaTiO3去除U(VI)的lnK2与1/T之间的关系
Figure 7. Relationship between lnK2 and 1/T on the removal of U(VI) by C@CaTiO3
K2—Quasi-second-order kinetic constant
图 8 C@CaTiO3去除U(VI)的吸附等温线(a)、Langmuir (b)和Freundlich (c)等温吸附模型拟合
Figure 8. Adsorption isotherm (a), Langmuir (b) and Freundlich (c) isothermal adsorption model fitting on the removal of U(VI) by C@CaTiO3
pH=3.5, C0=10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 mg·L−1, m/V=0.2 g·L−1, t=40 min, T=20, 25, 30, 35℃
图 9 C@CaTiO3对铀的去除机制
Figure 9. Mechanism of uranium removal by C@CaTiO3
ZP—Zeta potential
表 1 C@CaTiO3去除U(VI)的吸附动力学参数
Table 1. Adsorption kinetic parameters on the removal of U(VI) by C@CaTiO3
T/K Pseudo-first-order kinetic Pseudo-second-order kinetic Qe/(mg·g−1) K1/(min−1) R2 Qe/(mg·g−1) K2/(g·mg−1·min−1) R2 293 14.351 0.0482 0.8861 119.62 0.0126 0.9998 298 17.179 0.0341 0.6232 119.76 0.0160 0.9998 303 13.935 0.0324 0.8047 120.19 0.0157 0.9999 308 15.802 0.0336 0.6945 120.34 0.0192 0.9997 Notes: K1 and K2—Quasi-first-order and quasi-second-order kinetic adsorption rate constant; R—Linearly dependent coefficient. 
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表 2 C@CaTiO3去除U(VI)的Langmuir和Freundlich等温模型相关参数
Table 2. Isotherms paramters for Langmuir and Freundlich models on the removal of U(VI) by C@CaTiO3
T/K Langmuir Freundlich Qm/(mg·g−1) KL/(L·mg−1) R2 KF/(L·g−1) 1/n R2 293 222.72 2.5805 0.9958 113.41 0.2091 0.6008 298 263.16 1.8719 0.9991 130.04 0.2315 0.6409 303 271.00 1.5974 0.9987 129.50 0.2459 0.5398 308 289.02 1.2140 0.9985 136.71 0.2467 0.5021 Notes: Qm—Maximum adsorption; KL and KF—Langmuir constant and Freundlich adsorption coefficient; 1/n—Freundlich constant.
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表 3 C@CaTiO3去除U(VI)的热力学参数
Table 3. Thermodynamic parameters on the removal of U(VI) by C@CaTiO3
C0/
(mg·L−1)ΔH0/
(kJ·mol−1)ΔS0/
(J·mol−1·K−1)ΔG0/(kJ·mol−1) 293 K 298 K 303 K 308 K 10 56.22 219.62 −11.01 −11.75 −12.14 −14.09 20 79.17 376.11 −10.95 −11.49 −12.35 −13.81 30 31.66 126.31 −10.72 −11.44 −12.08 −12.76 40 21.10 97.66 −11.03 −11.27 −11.89 −12.56 50 17.64 89.27 −9.54 −10.18 −11.35 −11.41 60 51.88 197.54 −7.96 −8.13 −8.54 −9.98 70 29.27 154.69 −6.25 −7.52 −8.32 −8.59 80 20.73 85.92 −5.42 −7.37 −7.24 −7.96 90 31.86 121.48 −4.96 −5.49 −5.84 −6.23 100 17.24 81.64 −4.79 −4.97 −5.17 −5.68 Notes: ΔH0—Enthalpy change; ΔS0—Entropy change; ΔG0—Gibbs free energy.
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