基于自适应时间反转聚焦的加筋复材板冲击定位

武湛君; 曾旭; 邓德双; 杨正岩; 杨红娟; 马书义; 杨雷

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230623.002

基于自适应时间反转聚焦的加筋复材板冲击定位

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230623.002

1.
大连理工大学　力学与航空航天学院，工业装备结构分析优化与CAE软件全国重点实验室，大连 116024
2.
大连海事大学　交通运输工程学院，大连 116026
3.
大连科技学院　交通与电气工程学院，大连 116052

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3402500；2018YFA0702800)；辽宁省自然科学基金计划项目(2022-MS-148)

详细信息

通讯作者:
杨雷，博士，副教授，博士生导师，研究方向为复合材料力学与结构健康监测　E-mail: yangl@dlut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TH145.9；TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-12
- 修回日期: 2023-05-29
- 录用日期: 2023-06-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-25
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-01

Impact localization on stiffened composite plate based on adaptive time reversal focusing

1.
State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2.
School of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
3.
School of Transportation and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Science and Technology, Dalian 116052, China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB3402500; 2018YFA0702800); Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2022-MS-148)

摘要

摘要: 复合材料结构在航空航天、海洋工程和轨道交通等领域中占有重要地位。但由于复合材料在抗冲击性能方面存在缺陷，实时在线的冲击监测技术越来越受到关注。本文提出了基于自适应时间反转聚焦的加筋复材板冲击定位方法。首先，利用结构表面布置的压电传感器网络接收冲击响应信号；然后，利用连续小波变换提取冲击响应信号的窄带Lamb波信号，使用窄带Lamb波信号的包络特征，根据时间反转聚焦原理，构建以冲击位置坐标和窄带Lamb波群速度为变量的虚拟时间反转成像函数；最后，迭代计算不同群速度下对应的虚拟时间反转成像结果，根据不同群速度对应的图像最大像素曲线获得自适应时间反转聚焦图像，从而实现冲击定位。利用尺寸为800 mm×400 mm (长×宽)的加筋编织复材板进行落球冲击实验，验证该方法的有效性。结果表明该方法可以准确的识别冲击位置，且在引入噪声、传感器数量减少和变温情况下仍然具有较好的精度。
- 时间反转聚焦 /
- 加筋复材板 /
- 冲击定位 /
- Lamb波 /
- 压电传感器
Abstract: Composite structures play an important role in the fields of aerospace, ocean engineering and rail transit. Due to their defects in impact resistance, real-time on-line impact monitoring technology has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, an impact localization method for stiffened composite plates based on adaptive time reversal focusing imaging was proposed. Firstly, the impact response signal was received by piezoelectric sensor network arranged on the surface of the structure. Then, the narrowband Lamb wave signal of impact response signal was extracted by continuous wavelet transform. And a virtual time-reversal imaging function with impact position coordinates and narrowband Lamb wave group velocity as variables was constructed according to the time-reversal focusing principle. Finally, the virtual time reversal imaging results corresponding to different group velocities were iteratively calculated, and the adaptive time reversal focusing image was obtained according to the maximum pixel curve corresponding to different group velocities to realize impact localization. Drop ball impact experiments were carried out on a stiffened braided composite plate of 800 mm×400 mm (length×width) to verify the effectiveness of the method. The results show that this method can accurately identify the impact location and has a good accuracy in the cases of noise, reducing the number of sensors, and changing temperature.
- time reversal focusing /
- stiffened composite plate /
- impact localization /
- Lamb wave /
- piezoelectric sensor

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图 1 时间反转聚焦原理示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of time reversal focusing principle

PZT_i—Sensor number; H_i—Transfer function of impact signal from impact source to sensor PZT_i; H_TR-i—Transfer function of time reversal signal from sensor PZT_i to the impact source

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图 2 冲击定位方法示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the impact localization method

L_i—Distance from the assumed impact source to sensor PZT_i

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图 3 冲击定位算法流程图

Figure 3. Flow chart of impact localization algorithm

k—Iteration step number; C_g—Group velocity; C_g ^min and C_g ^max—Minimum and maximum values of the iteration group velocity; ΔC_g—Iteration step size; (x, y)—Coordinates of the pixel point assumed to be the position of the impact source; (S_xi, S_yi)—Coordinates of the sensor PZT_i; V_i—Narrowband Lamb wave signal of the impact signal; P(t)—Synthesized signal at the pixel poin; "~" indicates that the signal is taken as an envelope; $ \mathop {{C_{\rm{g}}}}\limits^ \wedge $—Determined group velocity of the narrowband Lamb; $ \hat{I}(x, y)$—Adaptive time reversal focusing image

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图 4 实验设置

Figure 4. Experiment setup

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图 5 (a) 冲击响应时域信号；(b) 冲击响应频谱；(c) 中心频率5 kHz的窄带Lamb波信号及其包络；(d) 时间反转信号及包络

Figure 5. (a) Impact response time domain signal; (b) Impact response frequency spectrum; (c) Narrowband Lamb wave signal with center frequency of 5 kHz and its envelope; (d) Time reversal signal and envelope

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图 6 复合材料加筋板冲击定位结果： (a) 不同群速度的虚拟时间反转成像结果；(b) 不同群速度对应的最大图像像素曲线；(c) 自适应时间反转聚焦图像

Figure 6. Impact localization results of the stiffened composite plate: (a) Virtual time reversal imaging results corresponding to different group velocities; (b) The curve of different group velocity and their corresponding maximum image pixel values; (c) Adaptive time reversal focusing image

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图 7 复合材料加筋板不同位置的冲击成像定位结果：(a) (150, 150)；(b) (400, 50)；(c) (400, 275)；(d) (650, 270)

Figure 7. Impact localization results at different positions of the stiffened composite plate: (a) (150, 150); (b) (400, 50); (c) (400, 275); (d) (650, 270)

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图 8 复合材料加筋板冲击定位误差分布图

Figure 8. Impact localization error distribution of the stiffened composite plate

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图 9 两个小球同时对复合材料加筋板冲击的响应信号

Figure 9. Impact response signals of two balls on the stiffened composite plate at the same time

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图 10 复合材料加筋板两点冲击的成像定位结果：(a) (250, 150), (400, 275)；(b) (500, 125), (650, 270)

Figure 10. Imaging localization results of two-point impact on the stiffened composite plate: (a) (250, 150), (400, 275); (b) (500, 125), (650, 270)

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图 11 增加噪声的冲击响应信号

Figure 11. Impact response signal with adding noise

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图 12 噪声情况下复合材料加筋板不同位置冲击成像定位结果：(a) (150, 150)；(b) (400, 50)；(c) (400, 275)；(d) (650, 270)

Figure 12. Impact localization results of different positions on the stiffened composite plate under noise conditions: (a) (150, 150); (b) (400, 50); (c) (400, 275); (d) (650, 270)

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图 13 施加噪声前后复合材料加筋板冲击定位误差对比

Figure 13. Comparison of impact localization error of the stiffened composite plate before and after adding noise

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图 14 减少传感器数量后复合材料加筋板冲击定位结果：(a) (150, 150)；(b) (400, 50)；(c) (400, 275)；(d) (650, 270)

Figure 14. Impact localization results of the stiffened composite plate after reducing the number of sensors: (a) (150, 150); (b) (400, 50); (c) (400, 275); (d) (650, 270)

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图 15 减少传感器数量前后复合材料加筋板冲击定位误差对比

Figure 15. Comparison of impact localization error of the stiffened composite plate before and after reducing the number of sensors

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图 16 不同温度下复合材料加筋板的冲击响应信号

Figure 16. Imapct response signals of the stiffened composite plate at different temperatures

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图 17 不同温度下复合材料加筋板冲击成像定位结果：(a) 本文方法25℃；(b) 本文方法55℃；(c) 传统方法25℃；(d) 传统方法55℃

Figure 17. Impact localization results of the stiffened composite plate at different temperatures: (a) Proposed method at 25℃; (b) Proposed method at 55℃; (c) Traditional method at 25℃; (d) Traditional method at 55℃

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表 1 传感器的位置坐标

Table 1. Position coordinates of the sensors

Number	Coordinate/mm	Number	Coordinate/mm
P1	(100, 50)	P7	(500, 200)
P2	(300, 50)	P8	(700, 200)
P3	(500, 50)	P9	(100, 350)
P4	(700, 50)	P10	(300, 350)
P5	(100, 200)	P11	(500, 350)
P6	(300, 200)	P12	(700, 350)

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表 2 复合材料加筋板预测冲击位置与实际冲击位置比较

Table 2. Comparison of predicted and actual impact positions of the stiffened composite plate

Number	Actual impact position/mm	Predicted impact position/mm	Error/mm
1	(150, 150)	(146, 160)	10.7
2	(150, 300)	(148, 310)	10.2
3	(300, 275)	(295, 270)	7.1
4	(400, 50)	(402, 22)	28.1
5	(400, 275)	(402, 280)	5.4
6	(500, 275)	(506, 270)	7.8
7	(550, 300)	(538, 310)	15.6
8	(600, 200)	(590, 198)	10.2
9	(650, 270)	(646, 266)	5.7
10	(700, 125)	(714, 130)	14.9

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表 3 复合材料加筋板两点冲击定位误差

Table 3. Impact localization error of two-point impact on the stiffened composite plate

Number		Actual impact position/mm	Predicted impact position/mm	Error/ mm
Fig. 10(a)	Impact 1	(250, 150)	(250, 160)	10.0
Fig. 10(a)	Impact 2	(400, 275)	(390, 305)	31.6
Fig. 10(b)	Impact 1	(500, 125)	(490, 130)	11.2
Fig. 10(b)	Impact 2	(650, 270)	(675, 245)	35.4

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表 4 考虑噪声情况下复合材料加筋板预测冲击位置与实际冲击位置比较

Table 4. Comparison between predicted and actual impact position of the stiffened composite plate under noise conditions

Number	Actual impact position/mm	Predicted impact position/mm	Error/mm
1	(150, 150)	(182, 148)	32.1
2	(150, 300)	(141, 320)	21.9
3	(300, 275)	(287, 264)	17.0
4	(400, 50)	(366, 36)	36.8
5	(400, 275)	(384, 290)	21.9
6	(500, 275)	(513, 262)	18.4
7	(550, 300)	(530, 315)	25.0
8	(600, 200)	(577, 190)	25.1
9	(650, 270)	(628, 262)	23.4
10	(700, 125)	(722, 118)	23.1

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表 5 减少传感器数量后复合材料加筋板预测冲击位置与实际冲击位置比较

Table 5. Comparison between predicted and actual impact position of the stiffened composite plate after reducing the number of sensors

Number	Actual impact position/mm	Predicted impact position/mm	Error/mm
1	(150, 150)	(135, 155)	15.8
2	(150, 300)	(140, 310)	14.1
3	(300, 275)	(290, 265)	14.1
4	(400, 50)	(395, 90)	40.3
5	(400, 275)	(410, 270)	11.1
6	(500, 275)	(515, 260)	18.0
7	(550, 300)	(545, 325)	25.5
8	(600, 200)	(615, 200)	15.0
9	(650, 270)	(660, 282)	15.6
10	(700, 125)	(740, 120)	40.3

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