纳米蛋黄核壳结构锂离子电池硅碳负极材料研究进展

隋林秀; 胡单单; 石津津; 袁小亚; 金湛

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230403.001

纳米蛋黄核壳结构锂离子电池硅碳负极材料研究进展

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230403.001

隋林秀¹,
胡单单¹,
石津津¹,
袁小亚^{1, 2, 3, ,},
金湛³

1.
重庆交通大学　材料科学与工程学院，重庆 400074
2.
重庆交通大学　先进功能材料研究所，重庆 400074
3.
重庆诺奖二维材料研究院，重庆 400799

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51402030)；重庆市基础科学与前沿技术研究专项基金(cstc2017jcyjBX0028)；重庆交通大学研究生科研创新项目(2022S0060)

详细信息

通讯作者:
袁小亚，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为纳米复合材料、储能材料等领域　E-mail: yuanxy@cqjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332；TM911
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-30
- 修回日期: 2023-03-01
- 录用日期: 2023-03-24
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-03
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-15

Research progress of nano yolk-shell structured silicon/carbon anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

SUI Linxiu¹,
HU Dandan¹,
SHI Jinjin¹,
YUAN Xiaoya^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
JIN Zhan³

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
2.
Institute of Advanced Functional Materials, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
3.
Chongqing 2D Materials Institute, Chongqing 400799, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (51402030); Chongqing Special Fund for Basic Science and Advanced Technology Research (cstc2017jcyjBX0028); Graduate Research and Innovation Program of Chongqing Jiaotong University (2022S0060)

摘要

摘要: 由于硅的大体积变化和电导率差等问题，这种容量高达4200 mA·h·g⁻¹的负极材料难以实现商业化。蛋黄核壳结构的硅碳负极是目前锂离子电池硅碳负极材料研究的热点，该结构可以很好地缓解硅负极在充放电过程中因体积膨胀而引发的一系列问题，从而获得优越的储锂性能。本文对蛋黄核壳结构硅碳负极的碳源、结构类型和制备工艺等进行了分类和总结，并对一些重要的结构参数进行了阐述，展望了未来蛋黄核壳结构硅碳负极的发展方向。
- 锂离子电池 /
- 复合材料 /
- 蛋黄核壳结构 /
- 硅碳负极 /
- 固体电解质界面
Abstract: Due to the large volume variation of silicon and the poor conductivity, it is difficult to commercialize this anode material with a capacity of up to 4200 mA·h·g⁻¹. The silicon/carbon anode of the yolk-shell structure is currently a hot spot in the research of silicon/carbon anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, which can well alleviate a series of problems caused by volume expansion of silicon anode during the charging and discharging process, so as to obtain superior lithium storage performance. In this paper, the carbon source, structure type and preparation process of the silicon/carbon anode of the yolk-shell structure are classified and summarized, and some important structural parameters are elaborated, and the development direction of the silicon/carbon anode of the yolk-shell structure is prospected in the future.
- lithium-ion batteries /
- composites /
- yolk-shell structure /
- Si/C anode /
- solid electrolyte interface

HTML全文

图 1 自支撑碳壳包裹的纳米硅结构示意图^[11]

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of self-supporting carbon shell-wrapped nano-silicon structure^[11]

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图 2 在蛋黄核壳结构硅碳负极材料碳壳表面上的固体电解质界面(SEI)膜形成示意图^[13]

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) membrane formation on the surface of the carbon shell of the silicon/carbon anode material in the yolk-shell structure^[13]

YS—Yolk-shell; Si@50mC—Void space designed to be 50 nm

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图 3 蛋黄核壳硅@还原氧化石墨烯/非晶碳(YS-Si@rGO/a-C)复合材料结构示意图^[15]

rGO/a-C—Reduced graphene oxide/amorphous carbon; Si-APS—Si modified by aminopropyltrimethoxysilane

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of yolk core shell silicon@reduced GO/amorphous carbon (YS-Si@rGO/a-C) composite structure^[15]

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图 4 Si@C@void@CNTs纳米复合材料结构示意图^[19]

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the structure of Si@C@void@CNTs nanocomposites^[19]

CNT—Carbon nano tube; CVD—Chemical vapor deposition; RF—Resorcinol-formaldehyde; TEOS—Tetraethyl orthosilicate

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图 5 N-riched Si@void@C/CNTs微球结构示意图^[18]

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the structure of N-riched Si@void@C/CNTs microspheres^[18]

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图 6 介孔碳封装硅纳米颗粒的蛋黄核壳结构示意图^[13]

mSiO₂—Mesoporous SiO₂; CTAB—Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; YS Si@mC—Yolk-shell structure of Si@mesoporous carbon

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the yolk-shell structure of mesoporous carbon-encapsulated silicon nanoparticles^[13]

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图 7 新型双碳层蛋黄核壳结构硅碳复合负极材料结构示意图^[26]

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the new type of yolk-shell structured Si/C composite anode material^[26]

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图 8 Si@void@C纳米复合材料结构示意图^[27]

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the structure of Si@void@C nanocomposites^[27]

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图 9 Si/void-SC的制备工艺流程图^[29]

EDOT—3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene; PSSNa—Poly(styrene sulfonate) sodium; PEDOT : PSS—Si/3, 4-ethylene-dioxythiophene:poly(styrenesulfonate)

Figure 9. Preparation process flow diagram of Si/void-SC^[29]

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图 10 YS-SiO_x/C@C复合负极材料结构示意图^[30]

VTMS—Vinyltrimethoxysilane; PPy—Polypyrrole; YS—Yolk-shell structure

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of YS-SiO_x/C@C composite anode material^[30]

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图 11 N、S共掺杂SiO_x/C@void@C复合负极材料结构示意图^[31]

MPTS—3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of N, S co-doped SiO_x/C@void@C composite anode material^[31]

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图 12 SiO₂@NPC YS复合负极材料结构示意图^[32]

Figure 12. SiO₂@NPC YS schematic diagram of the structure of composite anode material^[32]

NPC—N, P co-doped carbon; SiO₂@NPC YS—Yolk-shell-structured SiO₂@N, P co-doped carbon spheres

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图 13 Si@void@C复合材料的制备路线示意图^[42]

NPs—Nanoparticles; PEI—Polyethyleneimine; SA—Sodium alginate

Figure 13. Schematic diagram of the preparation route of Si@void@C composite^[42]

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图 14 Si@C@void@C复合材料结构示意图^[28]

PS—Polystyrene; MPS—Methacryloxy(propyl) trimethoxysilane; PAni—Polyaniline

Figure 14. Schematic diagram of the structure of Si@C@void@C composite^[28]

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图 15 Si@C@void@C复合材料结构示意图^[43]

Figure 15. Schematic diagram of the structure of Si@C@void@C composite^[43]

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图 16 基于Si纳米粒子表面改性和自组装得到的2D-Si@石墨碳(gC)的合成流程图^[44]

OA—Oleic acid; PE—Polyethylene; 2D-Si@gC—Two-dimensional (2D) assemblies of interconnected Si@graphitic carbon yolk-shell nanoparticles

Figure 16. Flow chart of 2D-Si@graphitic carbon (gC) synthesis based on surface modification and self-assembly of Si nanoparticles^[44]

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图 17 空心石墨碳球来封装硅纳米颗粒制备路线图^[10]

Figure 17. Roadmap for preparing hollow graphite carbon spheres to encapsulate silicon nanoparticles^[10]

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图 18 Si/SiO_x@void@C复合材料制备工艺图^[45]

R-SiO₂—Refined SiO₂

Figure 18. Si/SiO_x@void@C composite preparation process diagram^[45]

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图 19 覆盆子状蛋黄壳结构硅碳微纳米球复合材料结构示意图^[47]

NP—Nanocomposite; NMP—Nitromethyl-pyrrolidone; HTT—Heat treatment; P-SD—Collected Si@SiO₂ powder obtained by spray drying; R-YS—Raspberry-like yolk-shell structured

Figure 19. Schematic diagram of raspberry-shaped yolk-shell structure silicon-carbon micro-nanosphere composite^[47]

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图 20 Si@C@ZIF-67-800 N蛋黄核壳复合材料的合成示意图^[48]

Figure 20. Schematic diagram of the synthesis of Si@C@ZIF-67-800 N yolk-shell composite^[48]

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图 21 CaCO₃作为牺牲层制备多核壳蛋黄结构的制备流程图^[49]

Figure 21. Preparation flow chart of CaCO₃ as sacrificial layer to prepare multi-nucleated yolk-shell structure^[49]

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图 22 ${\rm{Si@C}} \subseteq {\rm{Ni}} $蛋黄核壳结构纳米材料制备流程图^[50]

DA—Dopamine; NNH—Nickel nitrate hydroxide; ${\rm{Si@C}} \subseteq {\rm{NiY}} $−S—Si@C nanoparticles firmly trappe in a durable and ultrathin Ni matrix

Figure 22. Flow chart of preparation of nanomaterials with yolk-shell structure of ${\rm{Si@C}} \subseteq {\rm{Ni}} $ yolk-shell structure^[50]

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图 23 空心Si@void@C蛋黄壳微球合成过程^[51]

h-Si—Hollow Si; CTAB—Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide

Figure 23. Synthesis process of hollow Si@void@C yolk-shell microspheres^[51]

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图 24 嵌入Fe₃O₄ 纳米颗粒(NPs)的CNTs网络连接Si和C/SiO₂双壳材料结构示意图^[52]

Figure 24. CNTs network connected Si and C/SiO₂ embedded Fe₃O₄nanoparticles (NPs) schematic diagram of the structure of the double-hull material^[52]

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图 25 互联碳网络交联的Si@void@C合成路线图^[53]

APTES—(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane

Figure 25. Road map for Si@void@C synthesis of interconnected carbon network crosslinking^[53]

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图 26 硬模板法制备蛋黄核壳结构硅碳纳米球示意图^[12]

Figure 26. Schematic diagram of silicon-carbon nanospheres prepared by kernel shell structure of yolk-shell by hard template method^[12]

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图 27 碱性蚀刻的蛋黄核壳结构硅碳纳米复合材料结构示意图^[55]

Figure 27. Schematic diagram of alkaline etched yolk-shell structure silicon/carbon nanocomposite^[55]

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图 28 蛋黄壳结构的多孔硅碳微球结构示意图^[58]

P123—Triblock copolymer PEO-PPO-PEO; mp—Mesoporous

Figure 28. Schematic diagram of porous silicon-carbon microspheres with yolk-shell structure^[58]

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图 29 硫化羰为前驱体制备的Si@void@C电极材料制备工艺图^[60]

COS—Chito-oligosaccharide

Figure 29. Preparation process diagram of Si@void@C electrode material prepared by carbonyl sulfide as a precursor^[60]

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图 30 Si@空心碳壳(HC)蛋黄核壳结构硅碳负极材料结构示意图^[61]

Figure 30. Schematic diagram of silicon-carbon anode material structure of Si@hollow carbon (HC) yolk-shell structure^[61]

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图 31 氧化镁作为牺牲层制备的Si@void@C硅碳负极结构示意图^[63]

Figure 31. Schematic diagram of Si@void@C silicon-carbon anode prepared by magnesium oxide as a sacrificial layer^[63]

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图 32 铝硅合金作为硅源的蛋黄核壳结构硅碳负极制备工艺^[14]

Figure 32. Preparation process of silicon-carbon anode of yolk-shell structure of aluminum-silicon alloy as silicon source^[14]

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图 33 Si/void/SiO₂/void/C复合材料结构示意图^[33]

Figure 33. Schematic diagram of Si/void/SiO₂/void/C composite^[33]

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图 34 气体模板法制备的蛋黄核壳结构介孔硅(M-Si)/C纳米复合材料结构示意图^[70]

Figure 34. Schematic diagram of mesoporous Si (M-Si)/C nanocomposites of yolk-shell structure prepared by gas template method^[70]

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图 35 油中水微乳液工艺制备蛋黄核壳结构硅碳负极材料的流程图^[71]

Figure 35. Flow diagram of the preparation of silicon/carbon anode materials with yolk-shell structure by water-in-oil microemulsion process^[71]

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图 36 SiO_x/C@void@Si/C纳米粒子的合成工艺^[54]

Figure 36. Synthesis process of SiO_x/C@void@Si/C nanoparticles^[54]

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图 37 蛋黄核壳结构的Si/void/rGO自支撑电极结构示意图^[16]

GO—Graphene oxide

Figure 37. Schematic diagram of Si/void/rGO free-standing electrode structure of yolk-shell structure^[16]

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图 38 石墨烯/碳纳米管骨架组成的自支撑硅碳负极制备工艺和结构示意图^[82]

MWCNT—Multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Figure 38. Schematic diagram of the preparation process and structure of free-standing silicon/carbon anode composed of graphene/carbon nanotube skeleton^[82]

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图 39 Si@void@CNF复合材料结构示意图^[84]

CNF—Carbon nanofiber; x h—x hours reaction

Figure 39. Schematic diagram of Si@void@CNF structural composite^[84]

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图 40 Si@void@C/CNFs结构示意图^[20]

PAN—Polyacrylonitrile; DMF—Dimethylformamide

Figure 40. Schematic diagram of Si@void@C/CNFs structure^[20]

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图 41 GF为前驱体制备的自支撑电极制造工艺图^[85]

Figure 41. Manufacturing process diagram of free-standing electrode prepared by GF for precursor^[85]

GF—Waste glass microfiber filters; MgR—Magnesiothermic reduction; GF-dMGR—GFs after deep magnesiothermic reduction; GF-oxi—GFs after oxidation; GF-C30/Si—GF-derived Si/carbon composite electrode (carbon coating time in 30 minutes)

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图 42 (a) 在不同空隙尺寸停止锂化和碳壳断裂的情况；(b) 碳壳层内部体积/原始硅的体积(V_c/V_p)= 1.5；(c) V_c/V_p = 3；(d) V_c/V_p = 3.6^[86]

SOC—State of charge; R_ou/R_in—A carbon shell with initial inner radius R_in and outer radius R_ou

Figure 42. (a) Cases where lithiation and carbon shell fracture are stopped at different void sizes; (b) Internal volume of the carbon shell/volume of the original silicon (V_c/V_p)= 1.5; (c) V_c/V_p=3; (d) V_c/V_p=3.6^[86]

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图 43 Si@void@C半电池的电压与比容量曲线：(a) 粒径为100~650 nm Si@void@C粉末；(b) 粒径为100至大于1200 nm Si@void@C粉末^[87]

Figure 43. Voltage and specific capacity curve of Si@void@C half-cell: (a) Powder with particle size of 100-650 nm Si@void@C powder; (b) Powder with particle size from 100 to greater than 1200 nm^[87]

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