Effect of polysiloxane modified epoxy on high temperature residual strength of glass fiber/phenolic composites
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摘要: ASTM 3059-18标准将高温残余力学性能纳入树脂基复合材料阻燃指标,突破了复合材料传统化学阻燃概念,标志着结构阻燃概念得到了设计方的重视。本文将自制的聚硅氧烷改性环氧树脂(EP-Si)与酚醛树脂(PF)共混,并辅以无机粉料和玻璃纤维增强体,通过力学性能、热失重(TGA)、锥形量热(CCT)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试方法,研究了EP-Si和无机粉料对玻璃纤维/酚醛复合材料高温残余强度的影响。实验结果表明:当EP-Si用量为40wt%,复合材料的常温及高温残余弯曲强度分别为384.4 MPa、53.3 MPa,相比PF复合材料提高了78.7%、85.1%;辅以适当比例无机粉料,高温残余弯曲强度最高可达85.1 MPa,相比PF复合材料提升了195.5%。高温处理后含硅PF复合材料厚度膨胀而PF复合材料厚度收缩;含硅PF复合材料的热解残留率更高,表层氧化降解更快,但内层生成CO含量低于PF复合材料;含硅树脂基体的无机热解产物保护了内层树脂和纤维,原位热解无机产物分布更均匀、与无机粉料相容性好及可能存在的共烧结作用进一步隔离了氧气侵入,提高了结构完整性和高温残余强度。
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关键词:
- 酚醛树脂 /
- 聚硅氧烷改性环氧树脂 /
- 高温残余强度 /
- 氧化降解 /
- 复合材料
Abstract: The ASTM 3059-18 standard incorporated high temperature residual mechanical properties into the flame retardant index of resin matrix composites, which broke through the traditional chemical flame retardant concept of composites, and marked that the concept of structural flame-retardant has been valued by the designer. In this work, the self-made polysiloxane modified epoxy resin (EP-Si) was blended with phenolic resin (PF), supplemented with inorganic powder and glass fiber reinforcement. The effects of polysiloxane modified epoxy resin and inorganic powder on the high temperature residual strength of glass fiber/phenolic composites were studied by means of mechanical properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter (CCT) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results show that when the amount of EP-Si is 40wt%, the flexural strength and high temperature residual flexural strength of the composite is 384.4 MPa and 53.3 MPa, respectively, which is 78.7% and 85.1% higher than PF composite. With appropriate proportion of inorganic powder, the maximum residual flexural strength can reach 85.1 MPa, which is 195.5% higher than PF composite. After heat-treated, PF composite containing silicon expands along thickness, while PF composite shrinks along thickness. The pyrolysis residual rate of the PF composite containing silicon is higher and oxidative degradation of the surface layer is faster, but the content of CO generated in the inner layer is lower than that of PF composite. The inorganic pyrolysis product of resin matrix containing silicon protects inner layer resin and fibers. The distribution of the in-situ pyrolysis inorganic product is more uniform, the good compatibility with inorganic powder and possible co-sintering effect further isolates the oxygen intrusion, improves structural integrity and high temperature residual strength. -
表 1 EP(40)/PF和EP-Si(x)/PF的命名
Table 1. Naming of EP(40)/PF and EP-Si(x)/PF
Sample Mass ratio of EP
(Total mass of resin
matrix is 100)Mass ratio of EP-Si
(Total mass of resin
matrix is 100)EP(40)/PF 40 — EP-Si(10)/PF — 10 EP-Si(20)/PF — 20 EP-Si(30)/PF — 30 EP-Si(40)/PF — 40 EP-Si(50)/PF — 50 表 2 粉料成分及含量对复合材料弯曲强度的影响
Table 2. Effect of powder composition and content on flexural strength of composite
Kaolin/wt% Flyash
/wt%Silica
/wt%EP-Si
/wt%PF
/wt%Resin residual rate/% Residual flexural
strength/MPaFlexural
strength
/MPa0 0 0 0 100 21.8 28.8 215.1 10 20 0 0 100 30.8 34.4 177.3 10 20 1 0 100 31.5 37.1 150.0 10 20 5 0 100 29.7 36.3 120.8 0 0 0 40 60 23.6 53.3 384.4 10 20 0 40 60 33.0 74.7 340.3 10 20 1 40 60 37.0 85.1 330.8 10 20 5 40 60 36.6 80.6 310.3 表 3 PF、EP(40)/PF和EP-Si(40)/PF树脂热重分析数据
Table 3. Thermogravimetric analysis data of PF, EP(40)/PF and EP-Si(40)/PF resin
Atmosphere Sample T−5%/℃ Tmax1/℃ Tmax2/℃ R800/% Air PF 297.5 — 623.0 1.5 EP(40)/PF 244.8 410.7 591.0 1.4 EP-Si(40)/PF 277.5 412.5 633.5 8.2 Notes: T−5%—Thermal degradation temperature at 5wt% mass loss; Tmax1 and Tmax2—Maximum thermal degradation temperature in the first and second stage; R800—Pyrolysis residue rate at 800℃. 表 4 EP-Si(40)/PF试样断面热解残留物表面元素原子分数
Table 4. Surface element atomic percentages of pyrolysis residue of EP-Si(40)/PF sample cross section
Sample C/at% O/at% Si/at% 1 81.06 18.75 0.19 2 72.69 26.10 1.21 Notes: Sample 1—EP-Si(40)/PF composite at room temperature; Sample 2—EP-Si(40)/PF composite after heat treatment. -
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