Low-velocity impact and interlaminar damage mechanism of carbon fiber-metal mesh reinforced composites
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摘要: 采用热固性环氧斜纹编织预浸料、菱形的不锈钢丝网和铝合金丝网,制备了4种不同铺层结构的复合材料板。通过低速冲击和冲击后压缩(CAI)试验,研究混杂金属网结构在不同能级冲击下的损伤行为及冲击后的剩余压缩强度;同时采用双悬臂梁(DCB)拉伸和末端切口弯曲(ENF)试验,进而研究了金属网层对碳纤维复合材料层间断裂性能的影响。通过使用超声波扫描和二维虚拟图像关联(2D-VIC)测试系统对比了冲击后试件内部的损伤程度及冲击后压缩过程中变形云图,以揭示其增强机制。结果表明:金属网结构的引入可以改善面板的塑性和冲击能量影响范围,提高冲击能量吸收能力、CAI强度和层间剪切性能。此外,在混杂结构的ENF测试中,界面的破坏不仅有基体的破坏,还存在纤维的剪切断裂。Abstract: Four kinds of composite plates with different ply structures were fabricated, which are composed of thermosetting epoxy twill woven prepreg, diamond-shaped stainless steel wire mesh and aluminum alloy wire mesh. Further, low-velocity impact and compression after impact (CAI) experiments were conducted to study their damage behavior and post-impact residual compressive strength of the hybrid metal mesh structure under different energy levels. According to the double cantilever beam (DCB) tensile test and the end-notched flexure (ENF) test, the effects of metal mesh layers on the interlaminar fracture performance of carbon fiber composites were investigated. Ultrasonic scanning and two-dimensional virtual image correlation (2D-VIC) test system were employed to examine the damaged degree inside the specimen after impact and the deformation contour of the surface during the CAI test, then the strengthening mechanism were illuminated. The results show that the addition of metal mesh layers can improve the plasticity of the panel and effect area of incident energy, resulting in the improvement of absorbing impact energy, CAI strength and interlaminar shear performance. It is further found that in the ENF test of the hybrid panel, the interface damage includes not only the damage of matrix, but also the shear fracture of fiber.
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图 11 碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)和碳纤维-金属网增强聚合物(CFMRP)的双悬臂梁(DCB)拉伸试验示意图:(a) 拉伸试验过程;(b) 拉伸后形貌
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of double cantilever beam (DCB) tensile test for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and carbon fiber-metal mesh reinforced polymer (CFMRP): (a) Tensile test process; (b) Morphology after tensile
表 1 材料力学性能和物理性能
Table 1. Mechanical and physical property of the raw materials
Specimen Tensile strength
/MPaTensile modulus
/GPaElongation
/%Density
/(g·cm−3)Gram mass
/(g·m−2)Curing temperature
/°CT300 3530 230 1.5 1.76 330.0 130 SSWN 550 208 5.0 7.93 1260.0 – AIWN 100 70 6.0 2.70 430.0 – Notes: T300—The grade of carbon fiber used to prepare the specimen is T300; SSWN—Stainless steel wire mesh; AIWN—Aluminum wire mesh. 表 2 不同试件的组成及尺寸
Table 2. Composition and size of different specimens
Specimen Configuration
of lay-upThickness/mm Areal density
/(g·m−2)C16 WCF16 3.2 4867.3 C14 Al WCF7Al1WCF7 3.2 4934.7 C14 SS WCF7SS1WCF7 3.2 5566.0 C14 WCF14 2.8 4259.3 Notes: WCF16—Specimen is composed of 16 layers of carbon fiber stacked; WCF7Al1WCF7—Specimen is composed of 14 layers of carbon fiber and one layer of aluminum alloy wire net stacked; WCF7SS1WCF7—Specimen is composed of 14 layers of carbon fiber and one layer of stainless steel wire net stacked; WCF14—Specimen is composed of 14 layers of carbon fiber stacked. 表 3 4种试件在不同冲击能量下的峰值力对应的位移及回弹情况
Table 3. Displacement and rebound of peak force corresponding to the four specimens under different impact energies
Impact energy Experimental results C14 C14 SS C14 Al C16 10 J Displacement/mm 3.907 4.695 4.730 3.124 Force-max/kN 2.404 2.509 2.575 2.739 Energy absorption rate/% 96.81 96.48 97.92 95.21 Rebound ○ ○ ○ ○ 15 J Displacement/mm 5.271 5.776 5.755 5.775 Force-max/kN 2.426 2.754 2.783 2.981 Energy absorption rate/% 97.42 97.69 97.43 97.29 Rebound × ○ ○ ○ 20 J Displacement/mm 6.819 6.760 7.202 6.643 Force-max/kN 2.443 2.622 3.042 3.327 Energy absorption rate/% 97.19 97.50 97.22 96.50 Rebound × × × ○ 25 J Displacement/mm 5.211 5.509 8.240 7.244 Force-max/kN 2.337 2.630 3.023 3.223 Energy absorption rate/% 95.72 96.76 96.37 96.20 Rebound × × × × Notes: ○—Specimens have rebound phenomenon during the impact process; ×—Specimens have not rebound phenomenon during the impact process. 表 4 CFRP和CFMRP的DCB试验参数
Table 4. Parameters of CFRP and CFMRP specimens in DCB test
Case Pmax
/Nδ
/mmb
/mma
/mmGI
/(kJ·m−2)CFMRP 42.51±1.05 13.47±0.57 24.05±0.25 4.75±0.23 0.65±0.034 CFRP 42.94±1.45 12.28±0.37 24.45±0.05 4.52±0.24 0.59±
0.035Notes: Pmax—Maximum applied load during DCB test; GI—Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness. 表 5 ENF试验CFRP和CFMRP试件参数
Table 5. Parameters of CFRP and CFMRP specimens in ENF test
Case Pmax/N m h
/mmB
/mmGII
/(kJ·m−2)CFMRP 875.64±25.09 252.98±4.87 3.98±0.08 24.35±0.05 10.75±0.821 CFRP 623.48±4.19 251.15±1.32 3.97±0.03 24.15±0.15 5.46±0.068 Notes: m—Slope obtained by regression analysis; B—Width; GII—Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness. -
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