二维材料在盐湖提锂领域的研究进展

曾广勇; 赵思邈; 王宏山; 林清泉

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230119.001

二维材料在盐湖提锂领域的研究进展

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230119.001

曾广勇^{1, 2, ,},
赵思邈^1,,
王宏山¹,
林清泉¹

1.
成都理工大学　材料与化学化工学院，成都 610059
2.
中国科学院过程工程研究所　生化工程国家重点实验室，北京 100190

基金项目: 四川省科技计划项目应用基础研究(2021YJ0401)

详细信息

通讯作者:
曾广勇，博士，研究员，硕士生导师，研究方向为新型膜材料的开发　E-mail：wuwu5125@163.com

中图分类号: TQ050.4；TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-07
- 修回日期: 2022-12-08
- 录用日期: 2023-01-03
- 网络出版日期: 2023-01-19
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-15

Research progress of two-dimensional materials in the field of lithium extraction from salt lake

1.
College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Funds: Applied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Sichuan Province (2021YJ0401)

摘要

摘要: 近年来，随着新能源行业的大力发展，锂资源的供需矛盾加剧，合理开发利用锂资源正成为我国新能源发展的关键因素。盐湖卤水因其具备成本低、储量多的优势逐渐成为我国提锂行业的发展方向。二维材料是指电子仅可在两个维度的非纳米尺度(1~100 nm)上平面运动的材料。由于二维纳米材料具备原子级尺度的特殊片层结构、高比表面积、优异的机械强度、丰富的活性位点及良好的可修饰性等特点，得到了科学界的广泛关注。本文从不同二维材料的特点出发，归纳了二维材料在吸附法提锂和膜分离法提锂两个领域的应用，总结了两种方法的特点，并指出其目前面临的问题及今后的发展趋势，为二维材料在盐湖提锂领域的研究与应用提供参考。
- 二维材料 /
- 盐湖提锂 /
- 膜分离 /
- 吸附 /
- 研究进展
Abstract: In recent years, with the vigorous development of new energy industry, the contradiction between the supply and demand of lithium materials has intensified, and the rational development and utilization of lithium resources are gradually becoming key factors in the development of new energy in China. Salt lake brine is gradually becoming the development direction of China's lithium extraction industry due to its low cost and abundant reserves. Two-dimensional (2D) materials refer to materials in which electrons can only move in two dimensions on a non-nanometer scale (1-100 nm). 2D nanomaterials have received extensive attention in the scientific community due to their special lamellar structure at the atomic scale, high specific surface area, good mechanical strength, rich active sites and good modifiability. This article summarizes the applications of 2D materials as adsorbents and membrane separation materials for lithium extraction in terms of their characteristics, and also points out the current problems and future development trends. This review provides references for the research and application of 2D materials in the field of lithium extraction from salt lake.
- two-dimensional materials /
- lithium extraction from salt lake /
- membrane separation /
- adsorption /
- research progress

HTML全文

图 1 常见二维层状材料^[15]

Figure 1. Common two-dimensional laminate materials^[15]

TMDS—Transition metal dichaolcogenides

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图 2 (a) 交联聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-共-丙烯酰胺苯并-18-冠醚-6)功能化MOF-808(pNCE/MOF-808)吸附剂对单价金属离子的选择性吸附；(b) 适宜温度下的解吸示意图^[44]

Figure 2. (a) Selective adsorption of monovalent metal ions by A crosslinked poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acryloylamidobenzo-18-crown-6) functionalized MOF-808 (pNCE/MOF-808) adsorbent; (b) Schematic diagram of desorption at suitable temperature^[44]

AmB18C6—acryloylamidobenzo-18-crown-6; pNIPAM—Poly N-isopropylacrylamide

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图 3 二维膜筛分机制^[50]

Figure 3. Two-dimensional membrane sieving mechanism^[50]

a—Thickness; d—Interlayer space; l₁, l₂—Lateral size

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图 4 (a) 原始氧化石墨烯(GO)膜和GO-聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)膜表面的Zeta电位；(b) 不同盐浓度对GO-PEI膜选择性的影响^[55]

Figure 4. (a) Zeta potential on the surface of pristine graphene oxide (GO) and GO-polyethylenimide (PEI) membranes; (b) Effect of different salt concentrations on the selectivity of GO-PEI membranes^[55]

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图 5 (a) ZIF-8的晶体结构示意图；(b) ZIF-8离子传输及脱水-水合机制示意图；(c) 原始ZIF-8膜的离子选择性和磺化螺吡喃(SSP)@ZIF-8膜选择性比较；(d) 不同SSP含量的SSP@ZIF-8膜的不同离子电导率^[58-59]

Figure 5. (a) Schematic diagram of the crystal structure of ZIF-8; (b) Schematic diagram of the ion transport and dehydration-hydration mechanism of ZIF-8; (c) Comparison of ion selectivity of pristine ZIF-8 membrane and sulfonated spiropyran (SSP)@ZIF-8 membrane selectivity; (d) Different ionic conductivities of SSP@ZIF-8 membrane with different SSP contents^[58-59]

d_ion—Dehydrated ionic diameters; d_Pore—Diameter of the ion transport pore; d_H-ion—Hydrated ionic diameter; SSP@ZIF-8-10%—SSP@ZIF-8 with 10wt%SSP content

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图 6 (a) MXene/聚4-苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)复合膜中Li⁺的快速传输通道示意图；(b) PSS含量对复合膜分离性能的影响；(c) MXene/PSS复合膜的长期稳定性^[63]

Figure 6. (a) Schematic diagram of the fast transport channel of Li⁺ in the MXene/polysodium 4-styrene sulfonate (PSS) composite membrane; (b) Effect of PSS content on the separation performance of the composite membrane; (c) Long-term stability of MXene/PSS composite membrane^[63]

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