Dynamic response of composite materials designed by 3D printing imitation conch shell pearl shell hybrid design
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摘要: 通过静态三点弯和动态三点弯实验，研究了基于海螺壳和珍珠贝壳层的仿生混合设计复合材料在不同应变率下海螺壳单元倾斜角度对试样断裂行为的影响。使用软相和硬相两种基体材料通过3D打印技术制备4组试样，基于准静态和动态三点弯冲击实验，得到了4组试样的载荷-位移曲线和起裂功等参数。结果表明：不同应变率下结构发生不同的裂纹偏转路径，在较低的应变率下，45°样品强度高，吸能效果好，30°样品断裂韧性较好；在较高应变率下，45°样品强度与韧性较好。最后，通过落锤实验，研究了不同冲击速度对混合设计结构板破坏的影响，得到了临界破坏速度及两种破坏模式。落锤实验表明，当冲击速度达到1.8 m/s时，继续增加冲击速度至2.0 m/s对仿海螺壳-珍珠贝壳结构的动态响应无明显影响。结构起裂前吸收的能量和起裂后吸收的能量在总吸能中的占比趋于稳定。Abstract: Based on the static three-point bending and dynamic three-point bending experiments, the influence of the inclined angle of the conch shell element on the fracture behavior of the specimen under different strain rates was studied. Four groups of samples were prepared by 3D printing using two kinds of matrix materials, soft phase and hard phase. Based on quasi-static and dynamic three-point bending impact experiments, the load-displacement curves and initiation work of four groups of samples were obtained. The results show that the structure has different crack deflection paths under different strain rates. At lower strain rates, the 45° sample has higher strength, better energy absorption effect and better fracture toughness; At higher strain rate, the strength and toughness of 45° samples are better. Finally, through the drop weight experiment, the influence of different impact speeds on the failure of the mixed design structural plate was studied, and the critical failure speed and two failure modes were obtained. The drop weight experiment shows that when the impact velocity reaches 1.8 m/s, further increasing the impact velocity to 2.0 m/s has no obvious effect on the dynamic response of the structure. The proportion of the energy absorbed before the crack initiation and the energy absorbed after the crack initiation in the total energy absorption tends to be stable.
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图 1 仿海螺壳-珍珠贝壳混合设计结构图
Figure 1. Imitation conch shell pearl shell mixed design structure diagram
l1—Imitation conch shell structure height; l2—Imitation shell structure height
图 2 准静态三点弯实验装置图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of quasi-static three-point bending test
L—Length; W—Width; H—Height; d—Notch width; h—Notch length; S—Span
图 3 海螺壳单元倾斜角度示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of inclination angle of conch shell unit
γ—Inclination angle
图 4 仿海螺壳-珍珠贝壳混合设计结构复合材料准静态三点弯载荷-位移曲线
Figure 4. Quasi-static three-point bending load displacement curve of composite structure with hybrid design of sea snail shell and pearl shell
图 5 仿海螺壳-珍珠贝壳混合设计结构复合材料准静态三点弯曲裂纹扩展图
Figure 5. Quasi static three-point bending crack propagation diagram of composite materials with hybrid design of sea snail shell and pearl shell
图 6 仿海螺壳-珍珠贝壳混合设计结构复合材料临界挠度值Δct和断裂韧性KIct
Figure 6. Critical deflection value Δct and fracture toughness KIct of composite materials with hybrid design of sea snail shell and pearl shell
图 7 仿海螺壳-珍珠贝壳混合设计结构复合材料能量吸收
Figure 7. Energy absorption of composite materials with hybrid design of sea snail shell and pearl shell
图 9 仿海螺壳-珍珠贝壳混合设计结构复合材料45°试样裂纹扩展图
Figure 9. Crack growth diagram of 45° specimen of composite materials with hybrid design of sea snail shell and pearl shell
图 10 海螺壳结构第二层裂纹扩展示意图
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of crack propagation in the second layer of conch shell structure
图 12 仿海螺壳-珍珠贝壳混合设计结构复合材料60°试件的载荷-位移曲线
Figure 12. Load-displacement curve of 60° composite specimen with hybrid design of sea snail shell and pearl shell
δt—Crack initiation time; U—Crack initiation work; F—Force; δ—Time
图 13 不同海螺壳单元倾斜角度混合设计试样载荷-位移曲线
Figure 13. Load-displacement curves of mixed design specimens with different inclination angles of conch shell elements
图 14 仿海螺壳-珍珠贝壳混合设计结构复合材料起裂功和起裂时间
Figure 14. Initiation work and initiation time of composite materials with hybrid design of sea snail shell and pearl shell
图 15 不同海螺壳单元倾斜角度混合设计试样裂纹图
Figure 15. Crack diagram of mixed design specimen with different inclination angles of conch shell elements
图 17 仿海螺壳-珍珠贝壳混合设计结构复合材料落锤实验样品
Figure 17. Drop hammer test sample of composite materials with hybrid design of sea snail shell and pearl shell
图 18 不同冲击速度下Design-1损伤图
Figure 18. Damage diagram of Design-1 at different impact speeds
图 19 仿海螺壳-珍珠贝壳混合设计结构复合材料不同冲击速度下载荷-位移曲线
Figure 19. Load-displacement curves under different impact speeds of composite materials with hybrid design of sea snail shell and pearl shell
图 20 仿海螺壳-珍珠贝壳混合设计结构复合材料不同冲击速度下比吸能
Figure 20. Specific energy absorption at different impact speeds of composite materials with hybrid design of sea snail shell and pearl shell
Ef—Specific absorbed energy after cracking; Ep—Specific absorption energy before cracking
图 21 仿海螺壳-珍珠贝壳混合设计结构复合材料吸能效率随无量纲冲量变化的规律
Figure 21. Law of energy absorption efficiency changing with non dimensional impulse of composite materials with hybrid design of sea snail shell and pearl shell
表 1 不同冲击速度下海螺壳结构基本单元倾斜角度为45°的仿海螺壳-珍珠贝壳复合结构(Design-1)和单一设计的珍珠贝壳层砖泥结构(Design-2)落锤测试结果
Table 1. Drop hammer test results of the sea snail shell like pearl shell composite structure (Design-1) and the single designed pearl shell layer brick mud structure (Design-2) with the basic unit inclination angle of 45° under different impact velocities
Number Composite type Impact velocity/
(m·s−1)Max load/
kNMax deflection/
mmResidual velocity/
(m·s−1)Perforated? Critical impact
energy/JDesign-1 
1.3 0.752±0.1 8.9±0.4 0.0 No — 1.5 0.776±0.1 10.2±0.5 0.0 No — 1.6 0.794±0.1 14.6±1.5 0.08±0.1 Yes 6.1 1.7 0.825±0.1 13.9±1.1 0.25±0.1 Yes — 1.8 0.822±0.2 12.8±1.3 0.42±0.1 Yes — 2.0 0.836±0.1 12.2±0.8 0.55±0.2 Yes — Design-2 
1.3 0.741±0.1 9.8±0.3 0.0 No — 1.5 0.762±0.1 10.9±0.4 0.09±0.1 Yes 5.4 2.0 0.818±0.1 8.9±0.5 0.61±0.3 Yes — 
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