FRP/形状记忆合金复合材料力学性能和可回复性能试验研究

惠迎新; 薛彦杰; 王文炜; 谈笑

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221206.002

FRP/形状记忆合金复合材料力学性能和可回复性能试验研究

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221206.002

1.
宁夏大学　土木与水利工程学院，银川 750021
2.
东南大学　交通学院桥梁工程系，南京 211189
3.
史蒂文斯理工学院，霍博肯 07030

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52268077；51878156)；宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2020 BFG02005)

详细信息

通讯作者:
王文炜，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为新材料在桥梁结构中的应用　E-mail: wangwenwei@seu.edu.cn

中图分类号: U441+3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-19
- 修回日期: 2022-11-11
- 录用日期: 2022-11-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-08
- 刊出日期: 2023-09-15

Experimental study on mechanical properties and recoverability of FRP/shape memory alloy composites

1.
School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
2.
Department of Bridge Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
3.
Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken 07030, America

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (52268077; 51878156); Key R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (2020 BFG02005)

摘要

摘要: 利用形状记忆合金(SMA)的回复效应将预应力引入到纤维增强复合材料(FRP)中是一种新理念。本文将FRP与SMA复合，形成一种新的复合材料用于结构加固修复中，开展了FRP/SMA复合材料的力学性能和受限回复性能试验。在力学性能试验中，将SMA丝的数量和直径作为试验变量，分析它们对FRP/SMA复合材料拉伸性能的影响；在受限回复试验中，将SMA丝直径和预应变水平作为试验变量，分析其对SMA丝及FRP/SMA复合材料可回复性能的影响。在试验研究的基础上，给出了第一类FRP/SMA复合材料的材料强度、极限应变和弹性模量的预测模型和FRP/SMA复合材料回复应力-温度模型。试验结果表明，在一定掺量内，提高掺入SMA丝的数量能够提高复合材料的最大断裂应变和抗拉强度，掺入的丝数量越多，断后残余强度越大。SMA丝的直径显著影响复合材料试件的拉伸弹性模量。在受限回复性能试验中，FRP/SMA复合材料的回复应力在相变区间内随温度的升高呈明显的上升趋势，复合材料的最大回复应力将会随预应变水平的提高而增大。提出的基于Brinson模型的修正模型，预测值与试验值吻合较好，可以有效地预测SMA丝和FRP/SMA复合材料的回复应力与温度的关系。
- 纤维增强复合材料 /
- 形状记忆合金 /
- 复合材料 /
- 形状记忆效应 /
- 受限回复性能
Abstract: Using the recovery effect of shape memory alloy (SMA) to introduce prestress into fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is a new idea. In this paper, FRP and SMA are compounded to form a new composite material for structural strengthening and repair. The mechanical properties and limited recovery properties of FRP/SMA composites are tested. In the mechanical property test, the number and diameter of SMA wires are taken as test variables, and their effects on the tensile properties of FRP/SMA composites are analyzed. In the limited recovery test, the SMA wire diameter and pre-strain level were taken as test variables to analyze their effects on the recoverable properties of SMA wire and FRP/SMA composites. On the basis of experimental research, the regression equations of recovery stress temperature of SMA wire and FRP/SMA composites are given. The test results show that increasing the number of SMA wires can improve the maximum fracture strain and tensile strength of the composite. The more wires are added, the greater the residual strength after fracture. The diameter of SMA wire significantly affects the tensile elastic modulus of composite specimens. In the limited recovery performance test, the recovery stress of FRP/SMA composites shows an obvious upward trend with the increase of temperature in the phase transition range, and the maximum recovery stress of composites will increase with the increase of pre-strain level. The modified model based on Brinson’s model is proposed, and the predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental values, which can effectively predict the relationship between the recovery stress and temperature of SMA wire and FRP/SMA composites.
- fiber reinforced polymer /
- shape memory alloy /
- composite material /
- shape memory effect /
- recovery behavior

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图 1 纤维增强复合材料(FRP)/形状记忆合金(SMA)复合材料预应力增强系统

Figure 1. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)/shape memory alloy (SMA) composite prestressed strengthening system

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图 2 SMA丝单调拉伸应力-应变关系曲线

Figure 2. Stress-strain relationship of SMA wires in monotonic tension

σ_s—Phase transition initiation stress; σ_f—End-phase change stress

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图 3 两类FRP/SMA复合材料试件

Figure 3. Two types of FRP/SMA composite specimens

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图 4 FRP/SMA复合材料的破坏形态

Figure 4. Failure modes of FRP/SMA composites

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图 5 FRP/SMA复合材料试件的应力-应变曲线

Figure 5. Stress-strain curves of FRP/SMA composite specimen

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图 6 SMA回复试验装置

Figure 6. SMA recovery test device

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图 7 0.5 mm SMA丝不同预应变水平情况下回复应力随温度的变化曲线

Figure 7. Recovery stress curves of 0.5 mm SMA wire with different pre-strain levels as a function of temperature

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图 8 1.0 mm SMA丝不同预应变水平情况下回复应力随温度的变化曲线

Figure 8. Recovery stress and temperature curves of 1.0 mm SMA wire with different pre-strain levels

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图 9 SMA丝回复应力-温度模拟曲线

Figure 9. Stress-temperature simulation curves of SMA wire recovery

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图 10 SMA丝最大回复应力试验值和模拟值比较

Figure 10. Comparison of the test value and simulation value of maximum recovery stress of SMA wire

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图 11 FRP/SMA复合材料试件受限回复试验

Figure 11. Restricted recovery test of FRP/SMA composite specimen

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图 12 FRP/SMA复合材料试件不同预应变水平情况下回复应力随温度的变化曲线

Figure 12. Recovery stress curve of FRP/SMA composite specimens with different pre-strain levels as a function of temperature

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表 1 材料的物理力学性能

Table 1. Physical and mechanical properties of materials

Material	Diameter φ/mm	Austenite transition temperature/℃		Martensite transition temperature/℃		Phase transition stress/MPa	Strength/ MPa	Elastic modulus/ GPa	Elongation/ %
Material	Diameter φ/mm	Start A_s	Finish A_f	Start M_s	Finish M_f	Phase transition stress/MPa	Strength/ MPa	Elastic modulus/ GPa	Elongation/ %
SMA wire	0.5	106.12	121.40	55.34	27.34	122	982	12.2	78.0
SMA wire	1.0	79.13	105.46	59.00	35.81	117	906	10.4	75.0
CFRP		–	–	–	–	–	3000	247.7	1.2
Epoxy resin		–	–	–	–	–	35	2.2	1.6
Notes: CFRP—Carbon fiber reinfored plastic; A_f—Austenite finish temperature; A_s—Austenite start temperature; M_s—Martensite start temperature; M_f—Martensite finish temperature.

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表 2 两种类型的FRP/SMA复合材料试件

Table 2. Two types of FRP/SMA composite specimens

Specimen type	Specimen	Number of SMA wires	Diameter of SMA/ mm	Prestrain/ %	Length of composite section/ mm
FRP/SMA-I	FRP/SMA-I-0.5-5-4%	5	0.5	4	250
	FRP/SMA-I-0.5-10-4%	10	0.5	4	250
	FRP/SMA-I-0.5-15-4%	15	0.5	4	250
	FRP/SMA-I-1-10-4%	10	1.0	4	250
FRP/SMA-II	FRP/SMA-II-1.0-10-4%	10	1.0	4	2×70
	FRP/SMA-II-1.0-10-6%	10	1.0	6	2×70
	FRP/SMA-II-1.0-10-8%	10	1.0	8	2×70

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表 3 FRP/SMA复合材料试验与分析结果

Table 3. Test and analysis results of FRP/SMA composites

Specimen	No.	Strength/MPa			Elastic modulus/GPa			Fracture strain/%			Failure mode
Specimen	No.	Test value	Calculated value	Test value/ calculated value	Test value	Calculated value	Test value/ calculated value	Test value	Calculated value	Test value/ calculated value	Failure mode
FRP/SMA-I-0.5- 5-4%	1	2206	2840	0.78	158.7	234.7	0.68	1.39	1.2	1.16	Longitudinal splitting
	2	2617		0.92	186.9		0.80	1.40		1.17
	3	2809		0.98	205.0		0.87	1.37		1.14
FRP/SMA-I-0.5-10-4%	1	2326	2697	0.86	169.7	222.9	0.76	1.32	1.2	1.10	Longitudinal splitting
	2	2566		0.95	192.9		0.87	1.33		1.11
	3	2828		1.05	212.6		0.95	1.28		1.07
FRP/SMA-I-0.5-15-4%	1	2602	3000	0.87	154.9	212.4	0.73	1.68	1.41	1.19	Burst failure
	2	2992		1.04	188.4		0.89	1.65		1.17
	3	2999		1.00	196.0		0.92	1.65		1.17
FRP/SMA-I-1.0-10-4%	1	1968	2078	0.95	145.8	171.8	0.85	1.35	1.2	1.13	Longitudinal splitting
	2	2085		1.00	156.8		0.91	1.33		1.11
	3	2039		0.98	156.8		0.91	1.30		1.08
Average value				0.95			0.85			1.13
Standard deviation				0.08			0.08			0.04
Coefficient of variation				0.08			0.09			0.04

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表 4 SMA回复性能试验试件设计与试验结果

Table 4. Design and test results of SMA recovery test specimen

Specimen	Length of SMA/ mm	Diameter of SMA/ mm	Prestrain/ %	Average value of maximum recovery stress/ MPa
SMA-0.5-4%	200	0.5	4	202
SMA-0.5-6%	200	0.5	6	273
SMA-0.5-8%	200	0.5	8	288
SMA-0.5-10%	200	0.5	10	295
SMA-1.0-4%	200	1.0	4	267
SMA-1.0-6%	200	1.0	6	312
SMA-1.0-8%	200	1.0	8	391

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表 5 FRP/SMA回复性能试验试件设计与试验结果

Table 5. FRP/SMA recovery test specimen design and test results

Specimen	Length of activated section/ mm	Diameter of SMA/ mm	Prestrain/ %	Average value of maximum recovery stress/MPa
FRP/SMA- II-1.0-4%	150	1.0	4	247
FRP/SMA- II-1.0-6%	150	1.0	6	284
FRP/SMA- II-1.0-8%	150	1.0	8	358

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