Rencent research progress and prospects of manganese dioxide based fiber supercapacitor
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摘要: 二氧化锰(MnO2)具有高容量、环保、低成本等优点，是一种极具发展前景的超级电容器电极材料。随着智能可穿戴技术的不断发展，纤维状超级电容器由于其灵活性和可编织性受到广泛关注。将高性能的MnO2电极材料构建纤维状超级电容器作为可穿戴技术的重要组成部分也被不断研究和拓展创新。根据目前MnO2基纤维状超级电容器的发展和可穿戴能源产品的需求，本文对温和中性电解质中MnO2的储能机制进行分析，针对MnO2基纤维状超级电容器在实际可穿戴应用中存在的连续化生产困难、实际利用率低等问题，提出了解决策略，深入分析了各种解决策略的利弊及方案中材料的协同作用，为未来的研究方向提供新的思路，最后对其面临的挑战和未来的发展进行了归纳总结，MnO2基纤维状超级电容器有望在今后取得重大进展，成为新一代能源纺织品的高效供能体系。
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关键词:
- 二氧化锰(MnO2) /
- 纤维状超级电容器 /
- 智能可穿戴 /
- 应用 /
- 解决策略
Abstract: Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is a promising electrode material for supercapacitors with the advantages of high capacity, environmental protection and low cost. With the continuous development of smart wearable technology, fiber supercapacitors have attracted wide attention due to their flexibility and stitchability. The combination of MnO2 and fiber supercapacitors as an important part of wearable technology has also been constantly researched and expanded. According to the current development of MnO2 based fiber supercapacitor and the demand of wearable energy products, in this paper, the energy storage mechanism of MnO2 in neutral electrolyte is analyzed. In this paper, a series of solutions are proposed to solve the problems of MnO2 based fiber supercapacitors in practical wearable applications, such as the difficulty of continuous production and low practical utilization rate. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of various solutions and the synergistic effect of materials in the solutions are deeply analyzed, which provides new ideas for future research directions. Finally, the challenges and future development of MnO2 based fiber supercapacitor are summarized. MnO2 based fiber supercapacitor is expected to make great progress in the future and become a new generation of energy textiles supply system.-
Key words:
- manganese dioxide (MnO2) /
- fiber supercapacitor /
- smart wearable /
- application /
- resolution strategy
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图 2 纤维状超级电容器组装方法：(a) 并列型；(b) 加捻型；(c) 同轴型
Figure 2. Assembly method of fiber supercapacitor: (a) Parallel structure;(b) Twisted structure; (c) Coaxial structure
图 3 湿法纺丝制备MnO2基纤维状超级电容器的制备流程图、实物图和SEM图像：(a) 纤维状不对称超级电容器(ASC)的设计和制造示意图[27]；(b) 混合纤维的制备和结构的示意图及制备MnO2/单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)纤维的照片[26]；(c) 照片显示三个预先准备好的器件串联在一起，在打结状态下驱动一个红色发光二极管(1.8 V、20 mA)[28]；(d) 炭黑(CB)/碳纳米管(CNT)/MnO2纳米棒(NT)复合纤维表面和截面的SEM图像[29]
Figure 3. Preparation flow chart, actual picture and SEM images of MnO2-based fibrous supercapacitor prepared by wet spinning: (a) Schematic illustration of the design and fabrication of the fiber-based asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC)[27]; (b) Schematic showing the preparation and structure of the hybrid fibers and photograph of the as-prepared MnO2/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) fiber wound on a rod[26]; (c) Photograph showing three as prepared devices connected in series driving a red light emitting diode (1.8 V, 20 mA) under the knotting state[28]; (d) SEM images of surface and cross-sections of carbon black (CB)/carbon nanotube (CNT)/MnO2 nanorod (NT) fibres[29]
图 5 原位生长法制备MnO2基纤维状超级电容器的流程图及性能测试：(a) δ-MnO2/多孔还原氧化石墨烯(HRGO)纤维加捻缠绕而成的线状超级电容器示意图[32]；(b) MnO2@活性炭纤维(ACF)器件的结构和电化学性能[33]；(c) MnO2@MXene/碳纳米管纤维(CNTF)的制备工艺示意图[34]；(d) Te/Au/MnO2杂化电极的合成过程示意图[35]
Figure 5. Flow chart and performance test of MnO2-based fibrous supercapacitor prepared by in-situ growth method: (a) Schematic of a wire-shaped supercapacitor fabricated from two twined δ-MnO2/porous reduced graphene oxide (HRGO) fibers with polyelectrolyte[32]; (b) Structure and electrochemical performance of MnO2@activated carbon fibers (ACF) devices[33]; (c) Schematic illustration to the preparation process of MnO2@MXene/carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) fibers[34]; (d) Schematic illustration of the synthesis process of the hybrid Te/Au/MnO2 electrode[35]
图 6 电沉积法制备MnO2基纤维状超级电容器的流程图、实物图、SEM图像和性能测试：(a) MnO2/石墨烯(G)/石墨烯纤维(GF)缠绕制成的光纤电容示意图和用于弯曲试验的光纤电容示意图[39]；(b) Ag/MnO2复合纱工艺示意图[42]；(c) MnO2@CNT纤维超级电容器的针织物[43]；(d) 湿纺CNT纤维的制备工艺原理和超级电容器制备图[40]
Figure 6. Flow chart, physical picture, SEM images and performance test of MnO2 based fibrous supercapacitor prepared by electrodeposition: (a) Schematic illustration of a fiber capacitor fabricated from two twined MnO2/graphene (G)/graphene fiber (GF) with polyelectrolyte and schematic illustration of fiber capacitor for bending test[39]; (b) Schematic illustration showing Ag/MnO2 composite sheath yarn fabrication process[42]; (c) Fabrication scheme and images of a knitted MnO2@CNT fiber supercapacitor[43]; (d) Schematics of the preparation procedures for the wet-spun carbon nanotube fibers and schematic diagram of two symmetric pseudocapacitive hybrid wet-spun CNT fiber-based supercapacitor[40]
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