Microwave deicing characteristics and durability of magnetite aggregate concrete
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摘要: 为了提高水泥混凝土微波除冰效率的同时不降低其使用寿命，以磁铁矿碎石为微波吸收骨料，制备了6种不同磁铁矿骨料掺量的混凝土，研究了磁铁矿骨料对混凝土微波除冰效率及耐久性的影响。结果表明：磁铁矿骨料通过提高混凝土对微波的介电损耗和磁损耗进而增强其微波除冰特性。随着磁铁矿骨料掺量的增大，混凝土的复介电常数和复磁导率不断增大，介电损耗和磁损耗不断增强，混凝土试件表面达到0℃所需时间不断减小，温升速率不断增大，除冰效果逐渐增强。磁铁矿骨料通过提高混凝土的密实度进而增强其耐磨性和抗压强度，通过提高混凝土抵抗裂缝开展的能力进而增强其抗冻性。随着磁铁矿骨料掺量的增大，混凝土的磨耗质量和单位面积磨损量不断减小，冻融循环后混凝土的质量损失率和抗压强度损失率不断减小，相对动弹性模量不断增大。磁铁矿骨料混凝土兼具良好的微波除冰特性及耐久性。Abstract: In order to improve the microwave deicing efficiency of cement concrete without reducing its service life, the magnetite gravel was used as the microwave absorbing aggregate to prepare 6 kinds of concrete with different magnetite aggregate contents. And the effect of magnetite aggregate on microwave deicing efficiency and durability of concrete was studied. The results show that the magnetite aggregate improves the microwave deicing properties of concrete by increasing its dielectric loss and magnetic loss to microwave. With the increase of magnetite aggregate content, the complex dielectric constant, the complex magnetic permeability, the dielectric loss and the magnetic loss of concrete increase, the time required for the surface of concrete specimen to reach 0℃ decreases, and the temperature rise rate and the deicing effect increase. Magnetite aggregate enhances the abrasion resistance and compressive strength of concrete by improving its compactness, and enhances the frost resistance of concrete by improving its ability to resist crack development. With the increase of magnetite aggregate content, the abrasion mass and abrasion loss per unit area of concrete decrease. And after freeze-thaw cycles, with the increase of magnetite aggregate content, the mass loss rate and compressive strength loss rate of concrete decrease, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus increases. Magnetite aggregate concrete has both good microwave deicing properties and durability.
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Key words:
- concrete /
- magnetite aggregate /
- microwave deicing /
- abrasion resistance /
- frost resistance
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图 4 不同微波源高度下20%MA/C试件表面的时间-温度曲线
Figure 4. Time-temperature curves of 20%MA/C specimen surface at different microwave source heights
图 5 不同微波源高度下20%MA/C试件表面的温升速率
Figure 5. Surface temperature rise rates of 20%MA/C specimen at different microwave source heights
图 6 不同冰层厚度下0%MA/C试件表面达到0℃所需时间和温升速率
Figure 6. Time for the surface of 0%MA/C specimen to reach 0℃ and surface temperature rise rates under different ice thicknesses
图 7 不同初始温度下0%MA/C试件表面达到0℃所需时间和温升速率
Figure 7. Time for the surface of 0%MA/C specimen to reach 0℃ and surface temperature rise rates at different initial temperatures
图 12 磁铁矿骨料混凝土试件表面达到0℃所需时间和温升速率
Figure 12. Time required for the surface of magnetite aggregate concrete specimen to reach 0℃ and surface temperature rise rate
图 17 磁铁矿骨料混凝土的复介电常数ε
Figure 17. Complex dielectric constant ε of magnetite aggregate concrete
图 18 磁铁矿骨料混凝土的复磁导率µ
Figure 18. Complex magnetic permeability µ of magnetite aggregate concrete
图 19 磁铁矿骨料混凝土的介电损耗tanδε和磁损耗tanδμ
Figure 19. Dielectric loss tanδε and magnetic loss tanδμ of magnetite aggregate concrete
图 21 磁铁矿骨料混凝土的单位面积磨损量
Figure 21. Abrasion loss per unit area of magnetite aggregate concrete
图 22 磁铁矿骨料混凝土的相对动弹性模量
Figure 22. Relative dynamic elastic modulus of magnetite aggregate concrete
图 24 磁铁矿骨料混凝土的抗压强度和抗压强度损失率
Figure 24. Compressive strength and loss rate of compressive strength of magnetite aggregate concrete
图 25 冻融循环前磁铁矿骨料混凝土的微观形貌
Figure 25. Microstructure of magnetite aggregate concrete before freeze-thaw cycles
图 26 冻融循环后磁铁矿骨料混凝土的微观形貌
Figure 26. Microstructure of magnetite aggregate concrete after freeze-thaw cycles
表 1 1 m3磁铁矿骨料混凝土的配合比
Table 1. Mix ratio of 1 m3 concrete with magnetite aggregate
kg Specimen number Cement Water Limestone gravel Magnetite gravel Sand Water reducer 0%MA/C 320 134 1445 0 566 3.2 20%MA/C 1156 356 40%MA/C 867 712 60%MA/C 578 1068 80%MA/C 289 1424 100%MA/C 0 1780 Notes: MA—Magnetite aggregate; C—Concrete; Numbers in specimen number—Volume content of MA. 
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