Experimental study on the effect of steel yielding on the bond behavior between CFRP and steel plate
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摘要: 为研究钢板屈服对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)-钢粘接界面的性能影响，开展了一系列CFRP-钢双搭接粘接节点拉伸试验和有限元模拟。以钢板厚度和CFRP粘接长度为变量，通过拉伸试验得到了钢板屈服条件下的节点拉伸荷载-位移曲线、有效粘接长度和失效模式。试验结果表明，15 mm厚钢板的粘接节点在破坏之前表现为弹性状态，而8 mm厚钢板的粘接节点在破坏前钢板已经屈服并进入塑性状态。钢板屈服使得节点的荷载-位移曲线由线性变为非线性，且钢板屈服时节点的失效位移增加；随着钢板屈服，节点的失效模式由CFRP层离破坏变为CFRP层离和钢板-胶层界面脱粘混合模式，且随着钢板屈服程度的增大，钢板-胶层脱粘面积也在增大。根据本文所采用的节点试件及所选取的材料属性，当8 mm厚钢板节点在出现钢板屈服后，其最大失效位移约为15 mm厚钢板节点的4.2倍，但其承载力仅为15 mm厚钢板节点的69.92%。即节点由于钢板屈服所获得的延性是以节点承载力降低为代价的。从有限元结果可以发现，当钢板屈服程度增加，节点失效位置将会从接头处转移至粘接接头远端，有效粘接长度也随之减小。Abstract: To study the effect of steel yielding on the bond behavior between carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and steel plate, a series of tensile tests and finite element analysis were conducted with CFRP-steel double strap bonded joints. With the steel plate thickness and bond length as the variables, the load-displacement curves, effect bond length and failure mode of the bonded joints were obtained through static tensile testing. The results show that the joints with 15 mm thick steel plate maintains elastic until failure. On the other hand, joints with 8 mm thick steel plate with bond length longer than effective bond length exhibit steel yielding when fail. The load-displacement curve becomes nonlinear and ductile with the yielding of the steel plate and the displacement at failure is extensively increased. The failure mode of the bonded joints is CFRP delamination when steel is not yield and is a combination of CFRP delamination and steel-adhesive interface debonding when steel is yield. And the area of steel-adhesive debonding is increasing with a larger area of steel yielding. According to the joint and material properties adopted in this work, when the joint with 8 mm steel plate yields, its maximum failure displacement is about 4.2 times of the joint with 15 mm thick steel plate, but the capacity of the 8 mm joint is only 69.92% of the 15 mm joint. In other words, the ductility of the joint due to steel yielding is achieved at the cost of reduction in capacity. From the results of finite element analysis, it can be found that the failure position would move to bonded end with a larger area of steel yielding and the effective bond length would be shorter.
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Key words:
- CFRP /
- adhesive bonded joints /
- bond behavior /
- tension tests /
- steel yielding /
- finite element analysis
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图 1 CFRP板-钢双搭接粘接节点示意图
Figure 1. Schematic view of the CFRP-steel double strap joint
L1—Bond length; L2—Bond length of control side
图 2 CFRP板-钢双搭接粘接节点制作及胶层厚度控制示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a mould preparing theCFRP-steel double strap joints
图 4 钢板名义应力与屈服应力的比值与CFRP板粘接长度的关系
Figure 4. Variation of nominal stress of steel and yield stress with CFRP bond length
图 5 CFRP板-钢双搭接粘接节点荷载-位移曲线
Figure 5. Load-displacement curves of CFRP-steel double strap joints
图 6 CFRP板-钢双搭接粘接节点典型的失效模式
Figure 6. Typical failure modes of CFRP-steel double strap joints
图 7 CFRP板-钢双搭接粘接节点承载力随CFRP粘接长度变化规律
Figure 7. Variation of ultimate load of CFRP-steel double strap bonded joints with CFRP bond length
图 8 CFRP板-钢双搭接粘接节点有限元模型示意图
Figure 8. Finite element model of CFRP-steel double strap joints
图 9 CFRP板-钢双搭接粘接节点有限元计算中采用的损伤模型
Figure 9. Damage model for finite element analysis of CFRP-steel double strap joints
$\tau _{\text{a}}$—Maximum shear stress of adhesive; $\sigma_ {\text{a}}$—Maximum tension stress of adhesive; $\delta_ {\text{f}}$—Limit slip of failure; K—Interfacial stiffness; bcf —Width of CFRP plate; Ecf —Young’s modulus of CFRP plate; Gf —Interfacial fracture energy; tcf—Measured thickness of CFRP plate
图 10 钢板上的应力云图
Figure 10. Stress distribution of steel of the specimen with yield steel plate
S—Mises stress
图 11 不同钢板厚度CFRP板-钢双搭接粘接试件破坏起始位置示意图
Figure 11. Failure location of CFRP-steel double strap joint specimens with different thickness of steel
SDEG—Scalar stiffness degradation variable
表 1 碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)板、钢板和胶粘剂Araldite 420材料属性
Table 1. Mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plate, steel and Araldite 420
Tensile strength/MPa Yield stress/MPa Young' s modulus/GPa CFRP plate 2659 — 155.900 Steel-8 mm 548 349 203.300 Steel-15 mm 539 381 219.600 Araldite 420 30 — 1.744 
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表 2 CFRP板-钢双搭接粘接试件参数
Table 2. Parameters of CFRP-steel double strap joints
Specimen ta/mm L1/mm CFRP30-Steel8 0.41 30 CFRP50-Steel8 0.42 50 CFRP70-Steel8 0.36 70 CFRP90-Steel8 0.38 90 CFRP110-Steel8 0.36 110 CFRP130-Steel8 0.39 130 CFRP30-Steel15 0.39 30 CFRP50-Steel15 0.41 50 CFRP70-Steel15 0.44 70 CFRP90-Steel15 0.42 90 CFRP110-Steel15 0.42 110 CFRP130-Steel15 0.42 130 Notes: Rules of specimen label “**-**”: Characters before and after the “-” indicate the bond length of specimen and thickness of steel, respectively; ta—Calculated thickness of one-side adhesive of specimens.
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表 3 CFRP板-钢双搭接粘接试件拉伸试验结果
Table 3. Results of tension tests of CFRP-steel double strap joints
Specimen Fult/kN $ \eta $ Failure mode CFRP30-Steel8 46.71 0.558 Steel and adhesive interface debonding & CFRP delamination CFRP50-Steel8 71.23 0.850 Steel and adhesive interface debonding & CFRP delamination CFRP70-Steel8 79.14 0.945 Steel and adhesive interface debonding & CFRP delamination & steel yielding CFRP90-Steel8 89.57 1.069 Steel and adhesive interface debonding & CFRP delamination & steel yielding CFRP110-Steel8 88.70 1.059 Steel and adhesive interface debonding & CFRP delamination & steel yielding CFRP130-Steel8 91.32 1.090 Steel and adhesive interface debonding & CFRP delamination & steel yielding CFRP30-Steel15 50.87 0.297 CFRP delamination CFRP50-Steel15 78.67 0.459 CFRP delamination CFRP70-Steel15 113.19 0.660 CFRP delamination CFRP90-Steel15 123.32 0.719 CFRP delamination CFRP110-Steel15 122.61 0.715 CFRP delamination CFRP130-Steel15 131.52 0.767 CFRP delamination Notes: Fult—Ultimate load of each specimen; $ \eta $—Ratio between nominal stress of steel and yield stress of steel.
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表 4 CFRP板-钢双搭接粘接节点有限元结果
Table 4. Results of finite element results of CFRP-steel double strap joints
Specimen Fult-FEM/kN Failure position $ \eta $ Error/% CFRP30-Steel6 42.78 Joint 0.681 − CFRP50-Steel6 66.16 Joint 1.053 − CFRP70-Steel6 72.88 End 1.160 − CFRP90-Steel6 73.20 End 1.165 − CFRP110-Steel6 73.70 End 1.173 − CFRP130-Steel6 73.98 End 1.177 − CFRP30-Steel8 44.58 Joint 0.532 −4.56 CFRP50-Steel8 66.28 Joint 0.791 −6.94 CFRP70-Steel8 80.38 Joint 0.959 1.57 CFRP90-Steel8 88.96 Joint 1.062 −0.68 CFRP110-Steel8 94.57 Joint 1.129 6.61 CFRP130-Steel8 96.86 Joint 1.156 6.07 CFRP30-Steel15 48.31 Joint 0.282 −5.03 CFRP50-Steel15 80.58 Joint 0.470 2.43 CFRP70-Steel15 104.98 Joint 0.612 −7.25 CFRP90-Steel15 118.82 Joint 0.693 −3.65 CFRP110-Steel15 119.72 Joint 0.698 −2.35 CFRP130-Steel15 125.30 Joint 0.731 −4.73 Notes：Fult-FEM—Ultimate load of each specimen in the finite element analysis.
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