Ti811和TC4钛合金基材属性对激光熔覆自润滑耐磨复合涂层组织与性能的影响

李蕊; 王浩

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20211201.003

Ti811和TC4钛合金基材属性对激光熔覆自润滑耐磨复合涂层组织与性能的影响

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20211201.003

李蕊^,,
王浩

中国民航大学　工程技术训练中心，天津 300300

基金项目: 国家自然科学民航联合研究基金(U1633104)；天津市科委教研计划项目(2019KJ119)；中央高校科研基本业务费(3122017017)

详细信息

通讯作者:
李蕊，硕士，讲师，研究方向为材料表面改性　E-mail: ruili@cauc.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG174.44
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-26
- 修回日期: 2021-11-24
- 录用日期: 2021-11-25
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-03
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-01

Effect of Ti811 and TC4 titanium alloy substrate on microstructures and properties of laser cladding self-lubricating composite coatings

LI Rui^,,
WANG Hao

Engineering Technology Training Center, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究不同钛合金基材对激光熔覆自润滑耐磨涂层组织与性能的影响，采用同轴送粉技术，在Ti811合金和TC4合金表面分别熔覆TC4、Ni45、Al₂O₃、MoS₂和稀土氧化物Y₂O₃混合粉末，用渗透测试观察熔覆层表面裂纹分布，利用SEM、EDS、XRD等测试技术分析激光熔覆层的元素分布及物相组成，并表征熔覆层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。基材元素成分不同导致涂层物相差异，V元素含量高的TC4合金涂层α-Ti的析出比Ti811合金的少；并且基材的热物理性能对涂层裂纹分布、组织形貌与性能具有显著影响，导热系数低且密度高的TC4合金激光熔覆温度梯度较小，涂层裂纹面积较小，稀释率大，涂层组织更粗大；由于Ti811合金导热性好，冷却速度高，涂层组织更细小，硬度更高，平均硬度达到1303.5 HV_0.5。两种熔覆层磨损量降低，摩擦系数均降至0.3以下。硬质相强化和软质相润滑的共同作用可提高熔覆表面的耐磨性能。
- 激光熔覆 /
- 复合涂层 /
- 钛合金 /
- 显微组织 /
- 摩擦磨损性能
Abstract: In order to research the effect of substrate on microstructure and properties of laser cladding self-lubricating coating, laser cladding was carried out on the surface of Ti811 alloy and TC4 alloy by coaxial powder-feeding laser cladding technology using TC4, Ni45, Al₂O₃, MoS₂ and rare earth oxide Y₂O₃ powder mixture as cladding material. The surface crack distribution of cladding layer was observed by penetration test. The elemental distribution and microstructure of coatings were analyzed by SEM, EDS and XRD. Microhardness and tribological properties of the coatings were examined. The results show that the element composition on the substrate can cause the difference of cladding layer phases. Because of the high content of element V, the precipitation of α-Ti on TC4 alloy is less than that of the laser cladding layer on Ti811 alloy. The thermal conductivity of substrates has a significantly impact on the microstructure and performance of the coatings. Because of low thermal conductivity and high density, TC4 alloy has low temperature gradient during laser cladding. As a result, the coating on TC4 alloy has less cracks, higher dilution rate, and coarser microstructure. The average hardness of coating on Ti811 substrate reaches up to 1303.5 HV_0.5 attributes to its good conductivity and high cooling rate. The wear mass losing of the cladding coatings on two alloys is significantly reduced, and the average friction coefficient drops to below 0.3. Due to the reinforcement of hard phase and anti-fiction of soft phase, laser cladding coatings on different substrates both have excellent wear resistance property.
- laser cladding /
- composite coatings /
- titanium alloy /
- microstructure /
- tribological properties

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图 1 激光熔覆层的表面形貌

Figure 1. Surface morphologies of laser cladding layer

LC— TC4+Ni45+Al₂O₃+MoS₂+Y2O₃

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图 2 不同基材熔覆层宏观截面图

Figure 2. Cross section macrograph of laser cladding coatings with different substrate

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图 3 Ti811合金和TC4合金热物理性能随温度变化图

Figure 3. Variation of thermal physical properties with temperature

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图 4 TC4+Ni45+Al₂O₃+MoS₂+Y₂O₃(LC)/Ti811和LC/TC4试样的XRD图谱

Figure 4. XRD patterns of TC4+Ni45+Al₂O₃+MoS₂+Y₂O₃(LC)/Ti811 and LC/TC4 sample

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图 5 Ti811合金和TC4合金加热相变图

Figure 5. Heat phase transition diagrams of Ti811 alloy and TC4 alloy

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图 6 不同基材激光熔覆层微观组织形貌

Figure 6. Microstructure of laser cladding coating with different substrate

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图 7 LC/Ti811和LC/TC4熔覆层的显微硬度

Figure 7. Microhardness of LC/Ti811 coating and LC/TC4 coating

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图 8 LC/Ti811和LC/TC4熔覆层的摩擦系数

Figure 8. Friction coefficient of LC/Ti811 coating and LC/TC4 coating

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图 9 LC/Ti811和LC/TC4复合涂层与Ti811和TC4合金的磨损量

Figure 9. Wear mass loss of LC/Ti811 coating, LC/TC4 coating, Ti811 alloy and TC4 alloy

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表 1 Ti811和TC4合金主要化学成分

Table 1. Main chemical composition of Ti811 and TC4 alloy wt%

Material	Al	V	Mo	C	N	Fe	O	Ti
Ti811	8.10	0.99	1.05	0.03	0.01	0.05	0.06	Banlance
TC4	6.01	3.80	–	0.10	0.05	0.30	0.20	Banlance

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表 2 TC4和Ni45粉末主要化学成分

Table 2. Main chemical composition of TC4 and Ni45 powders wt%

Material	Al	V	Fe	C	N	O	H	Cr	B	Si	Ni	Ti
TC4	5.5-6.8	3.5-4.5	0.30	0.10	0.05	0.20	0.015	–	–	–	–	Bal.
Ni45	–	–	3.00	0.35	–	–	–	8.9	1.8	4.0	Bal.	–

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表 3 激光熔覆试验工艺参数

Table 3. Process parameters of laser cladding experiment

Laser power/W	Laser scanning velocity/(mm·min⁻¹)	Beam diameter/mm	Power feeding rate/(r·min⁻¹)	Discharge of power gas/(L·min⁻¹)	Protective gas flow/(L·min⁻¹)	Laser focal length/mm	Multi-path rate/%
900	400	3	1.4	7	11	16	50

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表 4 Ti811和TC4合金与熔覆层主要生成物在20℃下的性能^[27-29]

Table 4. Performances of Ti811 alloy, TC4 alloy and major products in cladding layer at 20℃^[27-29]

Material	Density/ (kg·m^–3)	Thermal conductivity/ (W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	Coefficient of linear expansion/(μm·℃⁻¹)	Elastic modulus/ GPa	Yield strength/ MPa	Elongation/ %	Hardness/ HV
Ti811	4350	7.25	8.53	118	950	17	390
TC4	4440	6.43	9.00	100	830	10	330
TiC	4990	–	6.50-7.15	440	–	–	–
Ti₂Ni	5770	–	4.05	128	–	–	–

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表 5 不同基材激光熔覆层特征相能谱分析结果

Table 5. Energy spectrum analysis results of feature phase of laser cladding coating with different substrate

			C	O	Al	Si	Ti	V	Cr	Ni
Sample LC/Ti811	A1	wt%	17.34	–	4.4	–	65.42	1.94	1.99	8.91
	A1	at%	45.11	–	5.09	–	42.67	1.19	1.19	4.74
	A2	wt%	12.66	–	6.05	–	56.1	1.99	2.38	20.82
	A2	at%	36.49	–	7.76	–	40.54	1.36	1.59	12.27
	A3	wt%	–	–	7.89	1.83	55.22	2.29	3.27	29.17
	A3	at%	–	–	13.79	3.08	54.35	2.12	2.97	23.42
	A4	wt%	7.51	–	3.93	–	85.24	0.28	0.47	2.58
	A4	at%	23.97	–	5.58	–	68.21	0.21	0.34	1.68
	A5	wt%	4.27	–	4.49	–	88.38	–	–	2.86
	A5	at%	14.72	–	6.89	–	76.38	–	–	2.02
	A6	wt%	7.31	6.85	7.43	–	60.98	–	–	17.42
	A6	at%	21.13	14.86	9.55	–	44.17	–	–	10.29
Sample LC/TC4	B1	wt%	14.43	–	3.01	–	65.42	0.74	1.47	14.93
	B1	at%	44.16	–	4.1	–	42.67	0.54	2.04	6.49
	B2	wt%	13.32	–	5.2	–	57.15	1.13	2.68	20.52
	B2	at%	37.44	–	7.00	–	44.04	0.82	1.91	8.68
	B3	wt%	2.84	–	4.9	–	86.51	0.88	2.57	2.92
	B3	at%	9.35	–	7.17	–	78.97	0.69	1.95	1.87
	B4	wt%	–	3.97	8	–	51.80	2.56	4.74	28.84
	B4	at%	–	10.98	13.11	–	47.81	2.22	4.03	21.72

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