Bending and tensile properties of carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric/epoxy resin composites with holey structure
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摘要: 以T300碳纤维为增强纤维材料，环氧树脂为树脂基体，采用树脂膜熔渗(Resin film infusion，RFI)工艺制备碳纤维三轴机织物/环氧树脂(Triaxial woven fabric/epoxy resin，TWF/EP)复合材料。通过三点弯曲试验和拉伸试验研究了复合材料试样的面内弯曲性能和面内拉伸性能，采用3D轮廓仪观察拉伸试验后试样的损伤形貌，并分析其损伤机制。研究结果表明：TWF/EP复合材料的弯曲弹性模量表现为准各向同性，复合材料的孔洞率、碳纤维束规格与弯曲弹性模量呈现显著正相关性，与拉伸模量呈现负相关性。在拉伸载荷作用下，TWF/EP复合材料的主要失效模式包括纤维束断裂、纤维束拔出和交错失效，拉伸断裂机制主要为纯剪切破坏、扭转剪切破坏、拉剪耦合破坏。此外，在渐进损伤过程中，应变集中区发生在纱线交织点处。
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关键词:
- 碳纤维三轴机织复合材料 /
- 准各向同性 /
- 弯曲性能 /
- 拉伸性能 /
- 损伤模式
Abstract: Carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric/epoxy resin (TWF/EP) composite was prepared by resin film infusion (RFI) method, in which T300 carbon fiber was reinforced material, and epoxy resin was matrix.Three-point bending test and tensile test were carried out to study the in-plane bending and in-plane tensile properties. Moreover, 3D profilometer was used to observe the damage morphology of sample after tensile test, and damage mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the bending elastic modulus of TWF/EP composites is quasi-isotropic. The porosity of composite and width of the fiber bundle have significant positive correlation with the bending elastic modulus, and have a negative correlation with the tensile modulus. The primary tensile failure patterns of composites may include tows pull-out, tows fracture and staggered failure. The tensile fracture mechanisms are mainly pure shear failure, torsional shear failure and tenso-shear coupling failure. In addition, the strain concentration region occurs at the interlacing point of the yarn during the progressive damage process. -
图 1 试验路线示意图：(a)三轴机织物(TWF)织造；(b)基础组织结构示意图；(c)复合成型铺层；(d)三点弯曲试验；(e)面内拉伸试验
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of experimental route: (a) Triaxial woven fabric (TWF) weaving; (b) Schematic diagram of basic triaxial woven fabric; (c) Composite molding layer; (d) Three-point bending test; (e) In-plane tensile test
a—Hexagonal hole side length; b— Triangular hole side length; c—Width of yarn after weaving; L—Yarn center distance; DIC—Digital image correlation method
图 2 碳纤维三轴机织物/环氧树脂(TWF/EP)复合材料弯曲载荷-挠度曲线
Figure 2. Flexural load-deflection curves of carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric/epoxy resin (TWF/EP) composites
图 3 碳纤维TWF/EP复合材料弯曲弹性模量(a)、比弹性模量(b)
Figure 3. Flexural modulus (a) and specific modulus (b) of carbon fiber TWF/EP composites
图 4 碳纤维TWF/EP复合材料拉伸载荷-位移曲线
Figure 4. Tensile load-displacement curves of carbon fiber TWF/EP composite
图 5 碳纤维TWF/EP复合材料SK-6-2全场渐进损伤应变云图
Figure 5. Progressive damage strain contours of carbon fiber TWF/EP composites SK-6-2
图 6 碳纤维TWF/EP复合材料拉伸强度和拉伸弹性模量测试结果
Figure 6. Tensile strength and elastic modulus of carbon fiber TWF/EP composites
图 7 碳纤维TWF/EP复合材料SK-3-1拉伸性能变化趋势：(a)拉伸强度；(b)拉伸弹性模量
Figure 7. Variation trend of tensile properties of carbon fiber TWF/EP composite SK-3-1: (a) Tensile strength; (b) Tensile elastic modulus
图 8 碳纤维TWF/EP复合材料拉伸失效模式：(a)纤维束拔出；(b)交错失效；(c)纤维束断裂
Figure 8. Tensile failure modes of carbon fiber TWF/EP composites: (a) Tows pull-out; (b) Staggered failure; (c) Tows fracture
图 9 碳纤维TWF/EP复合材料拉伸断裂破坏形貌
Figure 9. Tensile fracture morphologies of carbon fiber TWF/EP composites
图 10 碳纤维TWF/EP复合材料SK-6-1不同角度试样拉伸断裂结果
Figure 10. Tensile fracture results of carbon fiber TWF/EP composites SK-6-1 at different angles
表 1 三轴机织复合材料结构参数
Table 1. Structural parameters of triaxial woven fabric composites
No. Carbon fiber Yarn center distance/mm Porosity/% Thickness/mm Area density /(g·m−2) SK-3-1 T300-3K 4.5 34 0.389 250.0 SK-3-2 5.5 41 0.345 212.2 SK-6-1 T300-6K 5.5 34 0.458 383.3 SK-6-2 6.0 37 0.403 330.3 
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