热塑性树脂基体对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维复合材料力学性能和抗弹道侵彻性能的影响

何业茂; 焦亚男; 周庆; 陈利

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210518.011

热塑性树脂基体对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维复合材料力学性能和抗弹道侵彻性能的影响

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210518.011

何业茂^{1, 2, 3,},
焦亚男^{1, 2, ,},
周庆^3,,
陈利^{1, 2}

1.
天津工业大学　纺织科学与工程学院，天津 300387
2.
天津工业大学　先进纺织复合材料教育部重点实验室，天津 300387
3.
北京普诺泰新材料科技有限公司，北京 102200

详细信息

通讯作者:
焦亚男，博士，研究员，研究方向为三维新型立体织物整体近净成型工艺设计与理论　 E-mail：Jiaoyn@tjpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-02
- 修回日期: 2021-04-28
- 录用日期: 2021-05-09
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-19
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-01

Effects of thermoplastic resin matrix on mechanical properties and anti-penetration performance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber composite

HE Yemao^{1, 2, 3
,},
JIAO Ya'nan^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHOU Qing^3
,,
CHEN Li^{1, 2}

1.
School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite Materials, Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
3.
Beijing Protech New Material Science CO. LTD., Beijing 102200, China

摘要

摘要: 选用热塑性的水性橡胶、水性聚酯、水性聚氨酯作为基体树脂，超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维作为增强纤维，采用热压工艺制备单向正交结构的防弹先进复合材料层压板。基于弹道侵彻试验和力学试验研究热塑性树脂基体对防弹先进复合材料弹道响应及力学行为的影响。研究结果显示：相比单一的热塑性树脂体系，以热塑性树脂混合体系作为基体制备的UHMWPE复合材料具有更优异的抗弹道侵彻性能、更高的拉伸破坏强度和层间剪切破坏强度，这是由于混合树脂体系中的UHMWPE纤维具有更高的可利用效率；此外，基于横向压缩诱导的间接张力机制和弹道侵彻下的大变形行为诱导的膜力效应，UHMWPE纤维复合材料的抗弹道侵彻性能与其准静态下的拉伸断裂强度、层间剪切强度呈现正相关的关联机制。
- 热塑性树脂 /
- UHMWPE纤维 /
- 抗弹道侵彻性能 /
- 力学性能 /
- 复合材料层压板
Abstract: Three kinds of thermoplastic resin, waterborne rubber, waterborne polyester and waterborne polyurethane, were used as resin matrix, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber was worked as reinforcement. The unidirectional cross-ply structure bulletproof advanced composite laminates were prepared by hot-pressing process. The influences of thermoplastic resin matrix on mechanical behavior and ballistic response of bulletproof advanced composites were studied through ballistic impact test and mechanical test. The results show that: compared with the single thermoplastic resin system, UHMWPE fiber composite, which was fabricated with the thermoplastic resin mixed system, has better anti-penetration performance, higher tensile strength at break and higher interlaminar shear strength at break. This phenomenon is due to the higher utilization efficiency of UHMWPE fiber in the mixed resin system. Moreover, according to indirect tension mechanism induced by transverse compression together with membrane force effect caused by the larger deformation under ballistic impact, the anti-penetration performance of UHMWPE fiber composite is positively correlated with mechanical properties under quasi-static state, including tensile strength at break and interlaminar shear strength.
- thermoplastic resin /
- UHMWPE fiber /
- anti-penetration performance /
- mechanical properties /
- composite laminates

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图 1 正交单向(UD)结构的防弹先进复合材料制备工艺路线 (a)、弹道试验及测试设备 (b)、准静态下的力学试验 (c)和弹道试验后层压板和弹丸的表面形貌 (d)

Figure 1. Preparation process of bulletproof advanced composites with orthogonal unidirectional (UD) structure (a), ballistic experiment and its test equipment (b), mechanical experiment under quasi-static state (c) and surface morphologies of post-impact laminate and post-impact projectiles (d)

F₁-F₄—Loading

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图 2 准静态力学试验设备和试样被破坏后形貌：(a) 力学试验设备；(b) 试验样条加载示意图；(c) 样条拉伸断裂破坏、面内剪切破坏和层间剪切破坏后形貌；(d) 试样横向压缩卸载后破坏形貌；(e) 拉伸破坏后的FESEM图像；(f) 面内剪切破坏后的FESEM图像；(g) 层间剪切后接触面的FESEM图像

Figure 2. Quasi static mechanical test equipment and morphologies of specimen after failure: (a) Device of mechanical test; (b) Loading diagram of test spline; (c) Morphology of splines after tensile fracture, in-plane shear failure and interlaminar shear failure; (d) Failure morphology of specimens after transverse compression unloading; (e) FESEM image after tensile failure; (f) FESEM image after in-plane shear failure; (g) FESEM image of interface after interlaminar shear

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图 3 准静态下UHMWPE纤维复合材料的拉伸力学性能、层间剪切力学性能和面内剪切力学性能：(a)拉伸断裂强度；(b)拉伸应力-应变曲线；(c)层间剪切破坏强度；(d)层间剪切应力-应变曲线；(e)面内剪切破坏强度；(f)面内剪切载荷-位移曲线

Figure 3. Tensile mechanical properties, interlaminar shear mechanical properties and in-plane shear mechanical properties of UHMWPE fiber composites under quasi-static state: (a) Tensile strength at break; (b) Tensile stress-stress curves; (c) Interlaminar shear strength at break; (d) Interlaminar shear stress-stress curves; (e) In-plane shear strength at break; (f) In-plane shear loading-displacement curves

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图 4 正交UD结构的UHMWPE纤维复合材料中纤维的利用效率和实际使用量：(a) UHMWPE纤维的利用效率；(b) UHMWPE纤维的实际使用量

Figure 4. Utilization efficiency and practical dosage of fibers in orthogonal UD structural UHMWPE fiber composites: (a) UHMWPE fiber utilization efficiency; (b) Practical dosage of UHMWPE fiber

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图 5 准静态下UHMWPE纤维复合材料的横向压缩力学性能：(a)横向压缩应变；((b)、(c))横向压缩应力-应变曲线

Figure 5. Transverse compression mechanical properties of UHMWPE fiber composites under quasi-static state: (a) Transverse compressive strain; ((b), (c)) Transverse compressive stress-stress curves

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图 6 UHMWPE纤维复合材料层压板横向压缩过程及其损伤形貌：((a1)~(a5)) 4^#层压板在横向压缩载荷作用下的压缩过程；((b1)~(b5)) 1^#~5^#试样在横向压缩载荷卸载后的表面破坏形貌；(c1) 分层破坏；(c2) 侧表面高度云图；(c3) 单UD层纵向位移

Figure 6. Transverse compression process of UHMWPE fiber composite laminates and damage morphologies: ((a1)-(a5)) Compression process of 4^# laminate under transverse compression load; ((b1)-(b5)) Surface failure morphology of the 1^#-5^# specimen after unloading under transverse compression load; (c1) Delamination failure; (c2) Height nephogram of side surface; (c3) Longitudinal displacement of single UD layer

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图 7 试验用UHMWPE纤维复合材料层压板的抗弹道侵彻性能

Figure 7. Anti-penetration performance of UHMWPE fiber composite laminates in experiment

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图 8 基于CT获取的弹道侵彻后UHMWPE纤维复合材料层压板的弹孔剖面形貌^[25]

Figure 8. Bullet-hole profile morphology of post-impact UHMWPE fiber composite laminate by CT ^[25]

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图 9 试验用UHMWPE纤维复合材料的抗弹道侵彻性能与其准静态力学性能的相关性

Figure 9. Correlation between anti-penetration performance and quasi-state mechanical properties of UHMWPE fiber composite in experiment

SMP—Specific margin percentage

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图 10 侵彻载荷作用下正交结构UHMWPE纤维复合材料层压板的瞬态阶段受力分析示意图

Figure 10. Force analysis diagram of cross-ply UHMWPE fiber composite laminate under penetration load in transient phase

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图 11 弹道侵彻后UHMWPE纤维复合材料层压板背衬凹陷深度与层压板厚度的关系

Figure 11. Relationship between back-face signature of UHMWPE fiber composite and laminate thickness after ballistic penetration

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表 1 试验用超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维的物理性能

Table 1. Physical properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber used in experiment

Fiber	Liner density/tex	Root number	Volume density/ (g·cm⁻³)	Tensile strength at break/MPa		Tensile modulus/GPa		Elongation at break/%
Fiber	Liner density/tex	Root number	Volume density/ (g·cm⁻³)	Average	Standard deviation	Average	Standard deviation	Average	Standard deviation
UHMWPE	115.78	380	0.97	3411.35	127.85	133.74	7.53	2.56	0.15

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表 2 防弹先进复合材料2UD片材及其层压板的规格参数

Table 2. Specifications of 2UD sheet and its laminates of bulletproof advanced laminates

Sample number	Resin system	2UD sheet					Laminates for ballistic test
		Areal density of fiber/(g·m⁻²)		Mass fraction of resin/wt%	Thickness of spline/mm		Areal density of laminate/ (kg·m⁻²)	Thickness of laminate/mm
		Avgerage	Standard deviation	Mass fraction of resin/wt%	Avgerage	Standard deviation	Areal density of laminate/ (kg·m⁻²)	Avgerage	Standard deviation
1^#	WPU	125.59	3.28	15±1	0.1608	0.0066	23.10	22.31	0.31
2^#	WPE	124.49	0.73		0.1499	0.0059	22.99	23.53	0.55
3^#	WR-WPE-WPU	124.83	3.95		0.1551	0.0053	22.74	22.76	0.26
4^#	WR-WPE	125.10	0.78		0.1553	0.0060	23.24	24.10	0.52
5^#	WR-WPE	125.58	1.63	20±1	0.1592	0.0055	24.29	25.09	0.50
Notes: WR—Waterborne rubber; WPE—Waterborne polyester; WPU—Waterborne polyurethane.

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表 3 弹道试验参数

Table 3. Parameters of ballistic test

Reference standard	Projectile size/mm	Velocity/ (m·s⁻¹)	BFS/ mm	Mass of bullet/g	Mass of bullet core/g	Shooting distance/m	Shooting angle	Shooting state
GA141—2010 Level 5	7.62×39	725±10	≤25	8.05	3.60	15	Normal impacting	Clay backing
Note: BFS—Back-face signature.

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表 4 UHMWPE纤维复合材料抗7.62 mm×39 mm软钢芯弹侵彻后的试验结果和弹丸侵彻速度

Table 4. Experimental results of UHMWPE fiber composite against penetration of 7.62 mm×39 mm mild-steel core projectile and impacting velocity of bullet

Sample plate number	Post-impact state of sample plate	Velocity of bullet/(m·s⁻¹)		Residual thickness/mm
		Velocity of bullet/(m·s⁻¹)		Average of six rounds		Minimum of six rounds
		Average	Standard deviation	Average	Standard deviation	Minimum of six rounds
1^#	NP	724.16	2.59	12.61	1.75	9.82
2^#	NP	732.94	1.89	13.65	1.68	11.62
3^#	NP	730.85	5.05	14.68	0.94	13.58
4^#	NP	728.37	3.80	14.16	1.12	11.95
5^#	NP	732.01	3.37	16.40	1.26	13.85
Note: NP—Non-perforating.

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