Research progress of structure design and performance of polymer-based electromagnetic shielding composites
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摘要: 对近年来关于聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料的报道进行了综述。重点总结分析了不同结构(如多孔结构、隔离结构和分层结构)及其他特殊结构聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料的屏蔽效能和屏蔽机制。与均匀分布聚合物基复合材料相比,通过结构设计使填料富集,再取向并连通从而形成高效导电网络,不仅能减少填料用量,且能有效提高复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能。最后,提出了聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料的未来发展方向。Abstract: This review introduces the recent reports on polymer-based electromagnetic shielding materials. The shielding mechanism and shielding effectiveness of polymer-based electromagnetic shielding materials with different structures (porous structure, segregated structure and layered structure) and other special structures are summarized and analyzed emphatically. Compared with the composite materials with uniformly distributed fillers in the polymer matrix, the structure design can enrich, re-orient and connect the fillers to form efficient conductive networks, which can not only reduce the amount of fillers, but also improve the electromagnetic shielding performance of the composites. Finally, this review put forward the development direction of polymer-based electromagnetic shielding materials in the future.
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图 1 多孔材料结构示意图:(a)石墨烯泡沫/聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩)- 聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐) (PEDOT-PSS)复合材料[10];(b)采用浸涂法制备的PU/石墨烯(PUG)泡沫[19]
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of structure of porous materials: (a) Graphene foam/poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) composites[10]; (b) Polyurethane (PU)/graphene (PUG) foams fabricated by dip-coating method[19]
SE—Shielding effectiveness; SSE—Specific shielding effectiveness; SER—Shielding effectiveness by reflection; SEA—Absorption shielding effectiveness; SET—Total shielding effectiveness; EMI—Electromagnetic interference; EM—Electromagnetism; GO—Graphene oxide
图 2 填料在泡沫中的分布示意图: (a)填料在发泡过程中的再取向[37]; (b)镀银三聚氰胺泡沫-环氧树脂-碳纳米管(SF-EP-CNT)泡沫的EDS图谱((b1) SEM图像; (b2) C元素图谱; (b3) O元素图谱; (b4) Ag元素图谱)[33]
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of filler distribution in foam: (a) Re-orient of fillers during foaming[37]; (b) EDS mapping of silver coated melamine foam-epoxy-carbon nanotube (SF-EP-CNT) foams ((b1) SEM image; (b2) C element mapping; (b3) O element mapping; (b4) Ag element mapping)[33]
图 3 隔离结构材料的结构特点: (a) CNT/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料的制造过程示意图[42]; (b) PLA/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)复合材料的制造过程示意图[38]
Figure 3. Structural characteristics of segregated structure materials: (a) Schematic illustration of fabrication procedure of CNT/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites[42]; (b) Schematic illustration of fabrication procedure of PLA/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites[38]
PDLA—Poly(D-lactide); PLLA—Poly(L-lactide); hc—Homocrystallites; sc—Stereocomplex crystallites; σDC—Direct-current electrical conductivity; λeff—Effective thermal conductivity
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