Low-velocity impact behavior and numerical simulation of carbon fiber-glass fiber hybrid reinforced epoxy composites
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摘要: 本文基于实验和数值模拟方法研究了碳纤维-玻璃纤维混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料低速冲击性能。采用商业有限元软件ABAQUS建立了层间/层内两类混杂复合材料低速冲击模型，采用基于应变形式的Hashin失效准则模拟面内损伤；零厚度Cohesive内聚力单元预测层间分层；编写VUMAT子程序定义渐进失效过程，并结合C扫和Micro-CT扫描，分析了复合材料内部微观损伤形貌及损伤分布情况。结果表明，层间混杂结构复合材料的抗冲击性能更优，其中铺层形式为I-C的混杂复合材料抗冲击性能最佳，冲击面为玻璃纤维时混杂结构复合材料对冲击响应区别不明显，CN-1层内混杂结构复合材料抗冲击性能优于CN-2层内混杂结构复合材料。低速冲击损伤主要为冲击处纤维断裂、基体破坏及界面分层，混杂结构可有效降低冲击破坏，层间混杂结构中玻璃纤维层损伤较大，层内混杂结构损伤受混杂界面影响，碳纤维束对临近的玻璃纤维束具有保护作用。Abstract: The low velocity impact behavior of carbon fiber-glass fiber hybrid composites were investigated based on experimental and numerical simulation. Two finite element models of interlayer and intralayer hybrid composites under low velocity impact were established in ABAQUS software. The strain-based Hashin failure criteria was adopted to predict the intralaminar damage and zero thickness Cohesive elements were used to simulate the delamination. The progress damage process were carried out by user-defined subroutine VUMAT. Internal microscopic damage state and damage distribution condition were obtained by means of C-scan and Micro-CT technique. The results show that the interlayer hybrid structure composites provide better impact-resistant properties, while the I-C hybrid structure composites present the best impact behavior. The difference of impact response of hybrid structure composites is not obvious when the impact-side face is glass fiber. The impact property of CN-1 intralayer hybrid structure composites is better than that in CN-2 intralayer hybrid structure composites. The damage induced by low velocity impact includes the fiber broken near impact point, matrix damage and delamination. Hybrid structure can reduce impact damage effectively. The glass fiber layers in interlayer hybrid structure experienced severe damage and the hybrid interface have influence on the damage of intralayer laminates. The carbon fiber bundles provide protection effect on neighbor glass fiber bundle.
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图 1 CF-GF层内混杂织物结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematic structure of CF-GF intralayer hybrid NCF fabrics
图 2 CF-GF层间及夹芯混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料低速冲击模型
Figure 2. Low velocity impact model of CF-GF interlayer and sandwich hybrid reinforced epoxy composites
图 3 CF-GF层内混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料低速冲击模型
Figure 3. Low velocity impact model of CF-GF intralayer hybrid reinforced epoxy composite
图 4 CF-GF层内混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料RUC模型
Figure 4. RUC model of CF-GF intralayer hybrid reinforced epoxy composite
图 5 CF-GF混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料的极限载荷和吸收能量
Figure 5. Maximum force and absorbed energy of CF-GF hybrid reinforced epoxy composites
图 6 30 J能量冲击下C、I-C、S-G、CN-1的CF-GF混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料实验与数值模拟时间-载荷及时间-能量对比曲线
Figure 6. Comparison of experiment and simulation numerical results on time-force and time-energy curves of CF-GF hybrid reinforced epoxy composites of C, I-C, S-G, CN-1 after 30 J impact
图 7 50 J能量冲击后CF-GF混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料C扫描及模拟(SDEG)分层损伤
Figure 7. C-scan and simulation (SDEG) of delamination damage of CF-GF hybrid reinforced epoxy composites after 50 J impact
图 8 50 J能量冲击后CF-GF混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料的分层损伤面积
Figure 8. Delamination damage area of CF-GF hybrid reinforced epoxy composites after 50 J impact
图 9 50 J能量冲击后CF-GF混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料表面纤维目视及模拟(SDV1)破坏形貌
Figure 9. Visual and simulation (SDV1) of surface fiber damage of CF-GF hybrid reinforced epoxy composites after 50 J impact
图 10 50 J能量冲击后CF-GF混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料表面基体目视及模拟(SDV2)破坏形貌
Figure 10. Visual and simulation (SDV2) of surface matrix damage of CF-GF hybrid reinforced epoxy composites after 50 J impact
图 11 30 J能量冲击后I-G、S-G、CN-1、CN-2的CF-GF混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料Micro-CT扫描横截面损伤
Figure 11. Micro-CT results of cross-section damage of CF-GF hybrid reinforced epoxy composites of I-G, S-G, CN-1, CN-2 after 30 J impact
图 12 不同时刻I-C和CN-1的CF-GF混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料纤维损伤(SDV1)情况
Figure 12. Fiber damage (SDV1) condition of CF-GF hybrid reinforced epoxy composites of I-C and CN-1 at different time
图 13 不同时刻I-C和CN-1的CF-GF混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料基体损伤(SDV2)情况
Figure 13. Matrix damage (SDV2) condition of CF-GF hybrid reinforced epoxy composites of I-C and CN-1 at different time
表 1 碳纤维-玻璃纤维(CF-GF)单向经编织物(NCF)规格
Table 1. Specifications of carbon fiber-glass fiber (CF-GF) non-crimp fabric (NCF)
Fabric type Areal density/(g·m−2) Mass ratio of CF to GF CF GF CF 728.3 0 1∶0 GF 0 944.9 0∶1 CF-GF 364.2 472.4 1∶1 CF-CF-GF-GF 364.2 472.4 1∶1 
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表 2 CF-GF混杂复合材料层合板铺层结构
Table 2. Stacking configurations of CF-GF hybrid composite laminates
Hybrid structure Stacking sequence Nomenclature Non-hybrid (CFCFCFCF)2s C (GFGFGFGF)2s G Interply-hybrid (CFGFCFGF)2s I-C (GFCFGFCF)2s I-G Sandwich-hybrid (CFCFGFGF)2s S-C (GFGFCFCF)2s S-G Intralayer-hybrid (CF-GF) fabric CN-1 (CF-CF-GF-GF) fabric CN-2
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表 3 用于数值模拟的CF/2511-1A/BS环氧树脂复合材料和GF/2511-1A/BS环氧树脂复合材料弹性参数
Table 3. Elastic parameters of CF/2511-1A/BS epoxy composites and GF/2511-1A/BS epoxy composites used in numerical simulation
Material E11/GPa E22=E33/GPa G12=G13/GPa G23/GPa $ {\mu }_{12} $ $ {\mu }_{13} $ $ {\mu }_{23} $ ${G}_{{\rm{f}}}$/(kJ·m−2) ${G}_{{\rm{m}}}$/(kJ·m−2) CF/epoxy 110 8.3 4.6 3.4 0.303 0.303 0.38 80 1 GF/epoxy 40 8.4 4.3 3.2 0.315 0.315 0.39 65 1 Notes: E11, E22, E33—Elastic modulus (direction 11, 22, 33); G12, G13, G23—Shear modulus (direction 12, 13, 23); $ {\mu }_{12} $, $ {\mu }_{13} $, $ {\mu }_{23} $—Poisson’s ratio (direction 12, 13 and 23).
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表 4 用于数值模拟的CF/2511-1A/BS环氧树脂复合材料和GF/2511-1A/BS环氧树脂复合材料的强度参数
Table 4. Strength parameters of CF/2511-1A/BS epoxy composites and GF/2511-1A/BS epoxy composites used in numerical simulation
MPa Material XT XC YT=ZT YC=ZC S12=S13 S23 CF/epoxy 1600 640 48 150 80 60 GF/epoxy 860 550 48 140 65 60
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表 5 CF/2511-1A/BS环氧树脂复合材料和GF/2511-1A/BS环氧树脂复合材料的层间界面参数
Table 5. Material properties of interface cohesive elements for CF/2511-1A/BS epoxy composites and GF/2511-1A/BS epoxy composites
ρ/(kg·m−3) kN/(GPa·mm−1) kS=kT/(GPa·mm−1) N/MPa S=T/MPa $ G_{\rm{n}}^{\rm{C}}$/(J·m−2) $ G_{\rm{S}}^{\rm{C}}$/(J·m−2) η 1200 15 1.2 30 60 0.28 0.8 1.5
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表 6 CF-GF层内混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料模型中CF、GF和2511-1A/BS环氧树脂的材料参数
Table 6. Material paramenters of CF, GF and 2511-1A/BS epoxy for CF-GF intralayer hybrid reinforced epoxy composite model
Material E11/GPa E22=E33/GPa G12=G13/GPa G23/GPa $ {\mu }_{12} $ $ {\mu }_{13} $ $ {\mu }_{23} $ $ \rho $/(kg·m−3) CF 234 20 9.2 7.4 0.3 0.3 0.34 1.77 GF 78.7 7 4.0 2.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 2.54 2511-1A/BS epoxy 3.1 — — — 0.3 — — 1.13
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表 7 CF-GF层内混杂增强环氧树脂复合材料模型中CF和GF纤维束的力学性能
Table 7. Mechanical properties of CF and GF fiber bundle for CF-GF intralayer hybrid reinforced epoxy composite model
Material E11/GPa E22=E33/GPa G12=G13/GPa G23/GPa μ12 μ13 μ23 CF fiber bundle 153 8.70 3.60 3.20 0.3 0.3 0.36 GF fiber bundle 52 5.27 2.48 1.88 0.3 0.3 0.40
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